Base-free conversion of glycerol to methyl lactate using a multifunctional catalytic system consisting of Au–Pd nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes and Sn-MCM-41-XS

Multifunctional catalytic systems consisting of physical mixtures of (i) bimetallic Au–Pd nanoparticles (average size of 3–5 nm) supported on functionalised carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and (ii) Sn-MCM-41 nanoparticles (50–120 nm), were synthesised and investigated for the base-free, selective conversion...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Green chemistry : an international journal and green chemistry resource : GC 2019, Vol.21 (15), p.4115-4126
Main Authors: Tang, Zhenchen, Boer, Dina G., Syariati, Ali, Enache, Mihaela, Rudolf, Petra, Heeres, Hero J., Pescarmona, Paolo P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acidity
Batch reactors
Bimetals
Carbon
Carbon nanotubes
Catalysts
Catalytic converters
Conversion
Dispersion
Energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy
Energy transmission
Glycerol
Gold
Green chemistry
Intermediates
Lactic acid
Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology
Nanotubes
Oxygen content
Palladium
Photoelectron spectroscopy
Photoelectrons
Pictures
Reaction time
Selectivity
Spectroscopy
Spectrum analysis
Tin
Titration
Transmission electron microscopy
X-ray spectroscopy
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Summary:Multifunctional catalytic systems consisting of physical mixtures of (i) bimetallic Au–Pd nanoparticles (average size of 3–5 nm) supported on functionalised carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and (ii) Sn-MCM-41 nanoparticles (50–120 nm), were synthesised and investigated for the base-free, selective conversion of glycerol to methyl lactate in a batch reactor. The catalysts were characterised by means of transmission electron microscopy, N 2 -physisorption, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and by Boehm titration. The catalyst based on bimetallic AuPd/CNTs showed much higher activity than the monometallic Au or Pd counterparts, thus indicating synergetic effects. Functionalisation of the CNTs by oxidative treatments had a positive effect on catalyst performance, which was correlated to the observed increase in surface acidity and hydrophilicity. The highest yield of methyl lactate achieved in this work was 85% at 96% glycerol conversion (140 °C, 10 h at 30 bar air), which is the highest yield ever reported in the literature so far. Insights in the reaction pathway were obtained by monitoring the conversion-time profiles for intermediates and their possible role as inhibitors. Batch recycling experiments demonstrated the excellent reusability of the catalyst.
ISSN:1463-9262
1463-9270
DOI:10.1039/C9GC01521C