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Changes in biochar properties in typical loess soil under a 5-year field experiment
Purpose After biochar is applied to soil as a sustainable soil amendment and a carbon (C) sequestration technique, its physicochemical properties change over time. However, few studies have reported on the changes of biochar properties over the aging process under field conditions. An understanding...
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Published in: | Journal of soils and sediments 2020, Vol.20 (1), p.340-351 |
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creator | Tan, Lianshuai Sun, Cengceng Wang, Ying Wang, Tongtong Wu, Gao-Lin He, Honghua Zheng, Jiyong |
description | Purpose
After biochar is applied to soil as a sustainable soil amendment and a carbon (C) sequestration technique, its physicochemical properties change over time. However, few studies have reported on the changes of biochar properties over the aging process under field conditions. An understanding of such changes can help us to make full use of biochar as a sustainable soil amendment and C sequestration technique.
Materials and methods
We used apple tree branches as the raw material to produce biochar and studied the changes in the physicochemical properties of the biochar over a 5-year field experiment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area (SSA) and micropore area, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed.
Results and discussion
After 5 years of aging, the SSA of the biochar had increased by 23.91% relative to that of fresh biochar; however, the SSA initially decreased over the first 3 years and then increased over the next 2 years. The reasons for the initial decrease were the destruction and clogging of the existing pore structure, whereas new micropore formation was responsible for the subsequent increase, as verified by micropore area, SEM and XPS analyses. The C content of the biochar was stable over the 5 years, but the surface O content and quantity of oxygen-containing functional groups increased relative to those of fresh biochar, which impacts the adsorption capacity of the biochar.
Conclusions
Our findings illustrate that the SSA of the biochar varied with time during the aging process. The stability of the C illustrated the potential of biochar as a C sequestration technique. The increase in oxygen-containing functional groups of the biochar was responsible for the process of nutrient adsorption. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11368-019-02398-0 |
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After biochar is applied to soil as a sustainable soil amendment and a carbon (C) sequestration technique, its physicochemical properties change over time. However, few studies have reported on the changes of biochar properties over the aging process under field conditions. An understanding of such changes can help us to make full use of biochar as a sustainable soil amendment and C sequestration technique.
Materials and methods
We used apple tree branches as the raw material to produce biochar and studied the changes in the physicochemical properties of the biochar over a 5-year field experiment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area (SSA) and micropore area, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed.
Results and discussion
After 5 years of aging, the SSA of the biochar had increased by 23.91% relative to that of fresh biochar; however, the SSA initially decreased over the first 3 years and then increased over the next 2 years. The reasons for the initial decrease were the destruction and clogging of the existing pore structure, whereas new micropore formation was responsible for the subsequent increase, as verified by micropore area, SEM and XPS analyses. The C content of the biochar was stable over the 5 years, but the surface O content and quantity of oxygen-containing functional groups increased relative to those of fresh biochar, which impacts the adsorption capacity of the biochar.
Conclusions
Our findings illustrate that the SSA of the biochar varied with time during the aging process. The stability of the C illustrated the potential of biochar as a C sequestration technique. The increase in oxygen-containing functional groups of the biochar was responsible for the process of nutrient adsorption.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1439-0108</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7480</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11368-019-02398-0</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Adsorption ; Ageing ; Aging ; Ammonium nitrogen ; Analytical methods ; Branches ; Charcoal ; Chemical analysis ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Electron microscopy ; Environment ; Environmental Physics ; Fourier transforms ; Fruit trees ; Functional groups ; Infrared analysis ; Loess ; Oxygen ; Photoelectron spectroscopy ; Photoelectrons ; Physicochemical processes ; Physicochemical properties ; Porosity ; Raw materials ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Sec 3 • Remediation and Management of Contaminated or Degraded Lands • Research Article ; Soil ; Soil amendment ; Soil properties ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Soils ; Spectroscopy ; Spectrum analysis ; Stability ; Surface chemistry ; Sustainability ; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy ; X rays ; X-ray diffraction</subject><ispartof>Journal of soils and sediments, 2020, Vol.20 (1), p.340-351</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019</rights><rights>Journal of Soils and Sediments is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-2469773945edd2720456184215660d186586fb4c438ac391ac02b154ce87fb4a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-2469773945edd2720456184215660d186586fb4c438ac391ac02b154ce87fb4a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0017-8875</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tan, Lianshuai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Cengceng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Tongtong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Gao-Lin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Honghua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Jiyong</creatorcontrib><title>Changes in biochar properties in typical loess soil under a 5-year field experiment</title><title>Journal of soils and sediments</title><addtitle>J Soils Sediments</addtitle><description>Purpose
After biochar is applied to soil as a sustainable soil amendment and a carbon (C) sequestration technique, its physicochemical properties change over time. However, few studies have reported on the changes of biochar properties over the aging process under field conditions. An understanding of such changes can help us to make full use of biochar as a sustainable soil amendment and C sequestration technique.
Materials and methods
We used apple tree branches as the raw material to produce biochar and studied the changes in the physicochemical properties of the biochar over a 5-year field experiment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area (SSA) and micropore area, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed.
Results and discussion
After 5 years of aging, the SSA of the biochar had increased by 23.91% relative to that of fresh biochar; however, the SSA initially decreased over the first 3 years and then increased over the next 2 years. The reasons for the initial decrease were the destruction and clogging of the existing pore structure, whereas new micropore formation was responsible for the subsequent increase, as verified by micropore area, SEM and XPS analyses. The C content of the biochar was stable over the 5 years, but the surface O content and quantity of oxygen-containing functional groups increased relative to those of fresh biochar, which impacts the adsorption capacity of the biochar.
Conclusions
Our findings illustrate that the SSA of the biochar varied with time during the aging process. The stability of the C illustrated the potential of biochar as a C sequestration technique. The increase in oxygen-containing functional groups of the biochar was responsible for the process of nutrient adsorption.</description><subject>Adsorption</subject><subject>Ageing</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Ammonium nitrogen</subject><subject>Analytical methods</subject><subject>Branches</subject><subject>Charcoal</subject><subject>Chemical analysis</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Electron microscopy</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Physics</subject><subject>Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Fruit trees</subject><subject>Functional groups</subject><subject>Infrared analysis</subject><subject>Loess</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><subject>Photoelectrons</subject><subject>Physicochemical processes</subject><subject>Physicochemical properties</subject><subject>Porosity</subject><subject>Raw materials</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Sec 3 • Remediation and Management of Contaminated or Degraded Lands • Research Article</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soil amendment</subject><subject>Soil properties</subject><subject>Soil Science & Conservation</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Spectroscopy</subject><subject>Spectrum analysis</subject><subject>Stability</subject><subject>Surface chemistry</subject><subject>Sustainability</subject><subject>X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><subject>X rays</subject><subject>X-ray diffraction</subject><issn>1439-0108</issn><issn>1614-7480</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE1LxDAQhoMouK7-AU8Bz9VMkubjKItfsOBBPYc0Td0uta1JF9x_76wVvHmaYeZ95-Mh5BLYNTCmbzKAUKZgYAvGhcXsiCxAgSy0NOwYcymwBcyckrOct4wJje0FeVltfP8eM217WrVD2PhExzSMMU3tXJ32Yxt8R7sh5kzz0HZ019cxUU_LYh9R37Sxq2n8QlP7EfvpnJw0vsvx4jcuydv93evqsVg_PzytbtdFEGCngktltRZWlrGuueZMlgqM5FAqxWowqjSqqWSQwvggLPjAeAWlDNForHuxJFfzXDz4cxfz5LbDLvW40nGuDD7LLUMVn1UhDTmn2LgRz_Rp74C5Azw3w3MIz_3AcweTmE0Zxcgn_Y3-x_UNM5VwZQ</recordid><startdate>2020</startdate><enddate>2020</enddate><creator>Tan, Lianshuai</creator><creator>Sun, Cengceng</creator><creator>Wang, Ying</creator><creator>Wang, Tongtong</creator><creator>Wu, Gao-Lin</creator><creator>He, Honghua</creator><creator>Zheng, Jiyong</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0017-8875</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>2020</creationdate><title>Changes in biochar properties in typical loess soil under a 5-year field experiment</title><author>Tan, Lianshuai ; Sun, Cengceng ; Wang, Ying ; Wang, Tongtong ; Wu, Gao-Lin ; He, Honghua ; Zheng, Jiyong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-2469773945edd2720456184215660d186586fb4c438ac391ac02b154ce87fb4a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adsorption</topic><topic>Ageing</topic><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Ammonium nitrogen</topic><topic>Analytical methods</topic><topic>Branches</topic><topic>Charcoal</topic><topic>Chemical analysis</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Electron microscopy</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Physics</topic><topic>Fourier transforms</topic><topic>Fruit trees</topic><topic>Functional groups</topic><topic>Infrared analysis</topic><topic>Loess</topic><topic>Oxygen</topic><topic>Photoelectron spectroscopy</topic><topic>Photoelectrons</topic><topic>Physicochemical processes</topic><topic>Physicochemical properties</topic><topic>Porosity</topic><topic>Raw materials</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Sec 3 • Remediation and Management of Contaminated or Degraded Lands • Research Article</topic><topic>Soil</topic><topic>Soil amendment</topic><topic>Soil properties</topic><topic>Soil Science & Conservation</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Spectroscopy</topic><topic>Spectrum analysis</topic><topic>Stability</topic><topic>Surface chemistry</topic><topic>Sustainability</topic><topic>X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</topic><topic>X rays</topic><topic>X-ray diffraction</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tan, Lianshuai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Cengceng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Tongtong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Gao-Lin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Honghua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Jiyong</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Agriculture Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Science Journals</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of soils and sediments</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tan, Lianshuai</au><au>Sun, Cengceng</au><au>Wang, Ying</au><au>Wang, Tongtong</au><au>Wu, Gao-Lin</au><au>He, Honghua</au><au>Zheng, Jiyong</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Changes in biochar properties in typical loess soil under a 5-year field experiment</atitle><jtitle>Journal of soils and sediments</jtitle><stitle>J Soils Sediments</stitle><date>2020</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>340</spage><epage>351</epage><pages>340-351</pages><issn>1439-0108</issn><eissn>1614-7480</eissn><abstract>Purpose
After biochar is applied to soil as a sustainable soil amendment and a carbon (C) sequestration technique, its physicochemical properties change over time. However, few studies have reported on the changes of biochar properties over the aging process under field conditions. An understanding of such changes can help us to make full use of biochar as a sustainable soil amendment and C sequestration technique.
Materials and methods
We used apple tree branches as the raw material to produce biochar and studied the changes in the physicochemical properties of the biochar over a 5-year field experiment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area (SSA) and micropore area, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed.
Results and discussion
After 5 years of aging, the SSA of the biochar had increased by 23.91% relative to that of fresh biochar; however, the SSA initially decreased over the first 3 years and then increased over the next 2 years. The reasons for the initial decrease were the destruction and clogging of the existing pore structure, whereas new micropore formation was responsible for the subsequent increase, as verified by micropore area, SEM and XPS analyses. The C content of the biochar was stable over the 5 years, but the surface O content and quantity of oxygen-containing functional groups increased relative to those of fresh biochar, which impacts the adsorption capacity of the biochar.
Conclusions
Our findings illustrate that the SSA of the biochar varied with time during the aging process. The stability of the C illustrated the potential of biochar as a C sequestration technique. The increase in oxygen-containing functional groups of the biochar was responsible for the process of nutrient adsorption.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s11368-019-02398-0</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0017-8875</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adsorption Ageing Aging Ammonium nitrogen Analytical methods Branches Charcoal Chemical analysis Earth and Environmental Science Electron microscopy Environment Environmental Physics Fourier transforms Fruit trees Functional groups Infrared analysis Loess Oxygen Photoelectron spectroscopy Photoelectrons Physicochemical processes Physicochemical properties Porosity Raw materials Scanning electron microscopy Sec 3 • Remediation and Management of Contaminated or Degraded Lands • Research Article Soil Soil amendment Soil properties Soil Science & Conservation Soils Spectroscopy Spectrum analysis Stability Surface chemistry Sustainability X ray photoelectron spectroscopy X rays X-ray diffraction |
title | Changes in biochar properties in typical loess soil under a 5-year field experiment |
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