Segmentation of Rifts Through Structural Inheritance: Creation of the Davis Strait

• Published in: Tectonics (Washington, D.C.) D.C.), 2019-07, Vol.38 (7), p.2411-2430
• Main Authors: Heron, P. J., Peace, A. L., McCaffrey, K. J. W., Welford, J. K., Wilson, R., Hunen, J., Pysklywec, R. N.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cenozoic; Continental margins; Crustal structure; Deformation; Evolution; Exploration; inheritance; Inheritances; Lithosphere; lithosphere deformation; Magma; Mantle; mantle lithosphere; Mathematical models; Mesozoic; North Atlantic; Numerical models; Numerical simulations; Ocean basins; Rifting; Straits; suture
• ISSN: 0278-7407; 1944-9194
• DOI: 10.1029/2019TC005578

Mesozoic‐Cenozoic rifting between Greenland and North America created the Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay, while leaving preserved continental lithosphere in the Davis Strait, which lies between them. Inherited crustal structures from a Palaeoproterozoic collision have been hypothesized to account for the tectonic features of this rift system. However, the role of mantle lithosphere heterogeneities in continental suturing has not been fully explored. Our study uses 3‐D numerical models to analyze the role of crustal and subcrustal heterogeneities in controlling deformation. We implement continental extension in the presence of mantle lithosphere suture zones and deformed crustal structures and present a suite of models analyzing the role of local inheritance related to the region. In particular, we investigate the respective roles of crust and mantle lithospheric scarring during an evolving stress regime in keeping with plate tectonic reconstructions of the Davis Strait. Numerical simulations, for the first time, can reproduce first‐order features that resemble the Labrador Sea, Davis Strait, Baffin Bay continental margins, and ocean basins. The positioning of a mantle lithosphere suture, hypothesized to exist from ancient orogenic activity, produces a more appropriate tectonic evolution of the region than the previously proposed crustal inheritance. Indeed, the obliquity of the continental mantle suture with respect to extension direction is shown here to be important in the preservation of the Davis Strait. Mantle lithosphere heterogeneities are often overlooked as a control of crustal‐scale deformation. Here, we highlight the subcrust as an avenue of exploration in the understanding of rift system evolution. Key Points The role of mantle sutures during Mesozoic rifting and Cenozoic ocean basin development in Laurentia has not been studied We present 3‐D models that reproduce first‐order tectonics of Labrador Sea, Davis Strait, and Baffin Bay through mantle suture reactivation The obliquity of the mantle suture to the extension preserves continental lithosphere, interpreted as the creation of the Davis Strait