Three worlds of global value chains: multiple governance and upgrading paths in the Korean animation industry

Cultural production is increasingly fragmented and dispersed organizationally and geographically as a result of growing offshore outsourcing within and across firms, giving rise to global value chains (GVCs). Yet, a GVC perspective has been applied limitedly to the study of cultural industries witho...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of cultural policy : CP 2019-09, Vol.25 (6), p.684-700
Main Author: Lee, Joonkoo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animation
Creative industries
Exports
global value chains
Governance
governance structure
Outsourcing
Policy making
Production
South Korea
upgrading
Value chain
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Summary:Cultural production is increasingly fragmented and dispersed organizationally and geographically as a result of growing offshore outsourcing within and across firms, giving rise to global value chains (GVCs). Yet, a GVC perspective has been applied limitedly to the study of cultural industries without serious consideration of inter-firm governance structure and its consequences on upgrading. Building upon the GVC literature on multiple governance structure, this paper examines three GVCs in Korea with distinctive governance forms: U.S. outsourcing chains, Japanese outsourcing chains, and international coproduction chains. The two outsourcing chains exhibited marked differences in various governance dimensions with distinctive upgrading patterns. International coproduction chains emerged as an alternative pathway of upgrading after the rapid decline of outsourcing exports, posing unique opportunities and challenges to firms and policy-makers. The findings are discussed in the context of multiple governance structure in GVCs and its implications to upgrading in networked global cultural production.
ISSN:1028-6632
1477-2833
DOI:10.1080/10286632.2017.1353605