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Crop performance, biological N fixation and pre-crop effect of pea ideotypes in an organic farming system
Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) is a valuable grain legume in organic crop rotations. Pea rotations provide nitrogen (N) to the system through N fixation and produce animal feed or human food. Because of the high susceptibility of pea to pests, diseases and weeds and due to low profitability, especially in...
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| Published in: | Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 2019-12, Vol.115 (3), p.391-405 |
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| creator | Gollner, Gabriele Starz, Walter Friedel, Jürgen K. |
| description | Pea (
Pisum sativum
L.) is a valuable grain legume in organic crop rotations. Pea rotations provide nitrogen (N) to the system through N fixation and produce animal feed or human food. Because of the high susceptibility of pea to pests, diseases and weeds and due to low profitability, especially in organic systems, pea cropping intensity decreased in the last 15 years in Austria. Therefore, it is important to find strategies for improving pea cropping systems in organic systems, by increasing yields and providing a positive N balance. The objective of this study was to compare pea genotypes of selected field and fodder pea in pure and mixed pea stands for biomass performance, biological N fixation and pre-crop effect under dry site conditions in a 2-year study in Eastern Austria. Pea N fixation was estimated using the extended N-difference method, with oat as the reference crop. The highest grain yield was found for the leafed field pea, with 2.5 Mg dry mass (DM) ha
−1
, followed by the semi-leafless field pea with 2.1 Mg DM ha
−1
and the pea-mixtures with 2.2 Mg DM ha
−1
. The field pea cultivars yielded more than the fodder pea cultivars with 1.6 Mg DM ha
−1
. The average N concentration in pea grains was 3.6 mg g
−1
. The fodder pea type contained 3.8 mg g
−1
, significantly more N (
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10705-019-10021-4 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2287210906</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2287210906</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c429t-f2c0b7aba8fca2dbe90673ea25b632ec2c93750760185e4b943cb57a6039bf313</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kMtKxDAUhoMoOF5ewFXArdHc2rRLGbzBoBtdhyRzUjJMm5p0wHl7M1Zw5yon8H3_4fwIXTF6yyhVd5lRRStCWUvKnzMij9CCVUoQ2tTquMyiqQgTTJ6is5w3tEiikQsUlimOeITkY-rN4OAG2xC3sQvObPEr9uHLTCEO2AxrPCYg7sCD9-AmHH0xDQ5riNN-hIzDgcMxdWYIDnuT-jB0OO_zBP0FOvFmm-Hy9z1HH48P78tnsnp7elner4iTvJ2I545aZaxpvDN8baGltRJgeGVrwcFx1wpVUVVT1lQgbSuFs5UyNRWt9YKJc3Q9544pfu4gT3oTd2koKzXnjeKMlsRC8Zkq9-ScwOsxhd6kvWZUHyrVc6W6VKp_KtWySGKWcoGHDtJf9D_WNzJoebA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2287210906</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Crop performance, biological N fixation and pre-crop effect of pea ideotypes in an organic farming system</title><source>Springer Nature</source><creator>Gollner, Gabriele ; Starz, Walter ; Friedel, Jürgen K.</creator><creatorcontrib>Gollner, Gabriele ; Starz, Walter ; Friedel, Jürgen K.</creatorcontrib><description>Pea (
Pisum sativum
L.) is a valuable grain legume in organic crop rotations. Pea rotations provide nitrogen (N) to the system through N fixation and produce animal feed or human food. Because of the high susceptibility of pea to pests, diseases and weeds and due to low profitability, especially in organic systems, pea cropping intensity decreased in the last 15 years in Austria. Therefore, it is important to find strategies for improving pea cropping systems in organic systems, by increasing yields and providing a positive N balance. The objective of this study was to compare pea genotypes of selected field and fodder pea in pure and mixed pea stands for biomass performance, biological N fixation and pre-crop effect under dry site conditions in a 2-year study in Eastern Austria. Pea N fixation was estimated using the extended N-difference method, with oat as the reference crop. The highest grain yield was found for the leafed field pea, with 2.5 Mg dry mass (DM) ha
−1
, followed by the semi-leafless field pea with 2.1 Mg DM ha
−1
and the pea-mixtures with 2.2 Mg DM ha
−1
. The field pea cultivars yielded more than the fodder pea cultivars with 1.6 Mg DM ha
−1
. The average N concentration in pea grains was 3.6 mg g
−1
. The fodder pea type contained 3.8 mg g
−1
, significantly more N (
p
< 0.0001) than the semi-leafless and leafed field pea. Pea N fixation ranged from 53 to 75 kg N ha
−1
, corresponding to 42–50% of N derived from the atmosphere (% N
dfa
). No differences in N fixation were found among cultivars, types and field/fodder pea. The fodder pea exported less N from the field because of their lower grain yield. Therefore, the N balance (N-input − N-output) of fodder pea was positive, with + 3.4 kg N ha
−1
compared to the negative N balance of − 0.6 to − 3.6 kg N ha
−1
for the leafed field pea types. These differences were not reflected in the following winter wheat crop, where the DM grain yield was 3.6–3.9 Mg ha
−1
with no differences between cultivars and ideotypes. The results demonstrate that leafed field pea could have a sufficient grain yield and fodder pea could produce high N concentration in the grains. Because there are no differences regarding the effect of pea types on the yield of the following crop, it can be concluded that all tested pea types are suitable for successful organic pea production under dry site conditions. While there were no negative effects on the subsequent crop, the different ideotypes and mixtures may be selected based on different management goals.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1385-1314</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-0867</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10705-019-10021-4</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Agricultural practices ; Agricultural production ; Agriculture ; Animal feed ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Cereal crops ; Crop rotation ; Crop yield ; Cropping systems ; Crops ; Cultivars ; Economics ; Farming systems ; Feeds ; Fixation ; Fodder ; Forage ; Genotypes ; Grain ; Legumes ; Life Sciences ; Nitrates ; Nitrogen ; Organic farming ; Original Article ; Pests ; Profitability ; Wheat ; Winter wheat</subject><ispartof>Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems, 2019-12, Vol.115 (3), p.391-405</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2019</rights><rights>Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved. © 2019. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c429t-f2c0b7aba8fca2dbe90673ea25b632ec2c93750760185e4b943cb57a6039bf313</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c429t-f2c0b7aba8fca2dbe90673ea25b632ec2c93750760185e4b943cb57a6039bf313</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8024-4288</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gollner, Gabriele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Starz, Walter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Friedel, Jürgen K.</creatorcontrib><title>Crop performance, biological N fixation and pre-crop effect of pea ideotypes in an organic farming system</title><title>Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems</title><addtitle>Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst</addtitle><description>Pea (
Pisum sativum
L.) is a valuable grain legume in organic crop rotations. Pea rotations provide nitrogen (N) to the system through N fixation and produce animal feed or human food. Because of the high susceptibility of pea to pests, diseases and weeds and due to low profitability, especially in organic systems, pea cropping intensity decreased in the last 15 years in Austria. Therefore, it is important to find strategies for improving pea cropping systems in organic systems, by increasing yields and providing a positive N balance. The objective of this study was to compare pea genotypes of selected field and fodder pea in pure and mixed pea stands for biomass performance, biological N fixation and pre-crop effect under dry site conditions in a 2-year study in Eastern Austria. Pea N fixation was estimated using the extended N-difference method, with oat as the reference crop. The highest grain yield was found for the leafed field pea, with 2.5 Mg dry mass (DM) ha
−1
, followed by the semi-leafless field pea with 2.1 Mg DM ha
−1
and the pea-mixtures with 2.2 Mg DM ha
−1
. The field pea cultivars yielded more than the fodder pea cultivars with 1.6 Mg DM ha
−1
. The average N concentration in pea grains was 3.6 mg g
−1
. The fodder pea type contained 3.8 mg g
−1
, significantly more N (
p
< 0.0001) than the semi-leafless and leafed field pea. Pea N fixation ranged from 53 to 75 kg N ha
−1
, corresponding to 42–50% of N derived from the atmosphere (% N
dfa
). No differences in N fixation were found among cultivars, types and field/fodder pea. The fodder pea exported less N from the field because of their lower grain yield. Therefore, the N balance (N-input − N-output) of fodder pea was positive, with + 3.4 kg N ha
−1
compared to the negative N balance of − 0.6 to − 3.6 kg N ha
−1
for the leafed field pea types. These differences were not reflected in the following winter wheat crop, where the DM grain yield was 3.6–3.9 Mg ha
−1
with no differences between cultivars and ideotypes. The results demonstrate that leafed field pea could have a sufficient grain yield and fodder pea could produce high N concentration in the grains. Because there are no differences regarding the effect of pea types on the yield of the following crop, it can be concluded that all tested pea types are suitable for successful organic pea production under dry site conditions. While there were no negative effects on the subsequent crop, the different ideotypes and mixtures may be selected based on different management goals.</description><subject>Agricultural practices</subject><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Animal feed</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cereal crops</subject><subject>Crop rotation</subject><subject>Crop yield</subject><subject>Cropping systems</subject><subject>Crops</subject><subject>Cultivars</subject><subject>Economics</subject><subject>Farming systems</subject><subject>Feeds</subject><subject>Fixation</subject><subject>Fodder</subject><subject>Forage</subject><subject>Genotypes</subject><subject>Grain</subject><subject>Legumes</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Organic farming</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Pests</subject><subject>Profitability</subject><subject>Wheat</subject><subject>Winter wheat</subject><issn>1385-1314</issn><issn>1573-0867</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kMtKxDAUhoMoOF5ewFXArdHc2rRLGbzBoBtdhyRzUjJMm5p0wHl7M1Zw5yon8H3_4fwIXTF6yyhVd5lRRStCWUvKnzMij9CCVUoQ2tTquMyiqQgTTJ6is5w3tEiikQsUlimOeITkY-rN4OAG2xC3sQvObPEr9uHLTCEO2AxrPCYg7sCD9-AmHH0xDQ5riNN-hIzDgcMxdWYIDnuT-jB0OO_zBP0FOvFmm-Hy9z1HH48P78tnsnp7elner4iTvJ2I545aZaxpvDN8baGltRJgeGVrwcFx1wpVUVVT1lQgbSuFs5UyNRWt9YKJc3Q9544pfu4gT3oTd2koKzXnjeKMlsRC8Zkq9-ScwOsxhd6kvWZUHyrVc6W6VKp_KtWySGKWcoGHDtJf9D_WNzJoebA</recordid><startdate>20191201</startdate><enddate>20191201</enddate><creator>Gollner, Gabriele</creator><creator>Starz, Walter</creator><creator>Friedel, Jürgen K.</creator><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8024-4288</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20191201</creationdate><title>Crop performance, biological N fixation and pre-crop effect of pea ideotypes in an organic farming system</title><author>Gollner, Gabriele ; Starz, Walter ; Friedel, Jürgen K.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c429t-f2c0b7aba8fca2dbe90673ea25b632ec2c93750760185e4b943cb57a6039bf313</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Agricultural practices</topic><topic>Agricultural production</topic><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Animal feed</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Cereal crops</topic><topic>Crop rotation</topic><topic>Crop yield</topic><topic>Cropping systems</topic><topic>Crops</topic><topic>Cultivars</topic><topic>Economics</topic><topic>Farming systems</topic><topic>Feeds</topic><topic>Fixation</topic><topic>Fodder</topic><topic>Forage</topic><topic>Genotypes</topic><topic>Grain</topic><topic>Legumes</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Nitrates</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Organic farming</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Pests</topic><topic>Profitability</topic><topic>Wheat</topic><topic>Winter wheat</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gollner, Gabriele</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Starz, Walter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Friedel, Jürgen K.</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Agriculture Science Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><jtitle>Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gollner, Gabriele</au><au>Starz, Walter</au><au>Friedel, Jürgen K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Crop performance, biological N fixation and pre-crop effect of pea ideotypes in an organic farming system</atitle><jtitle>Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems</jtitle><stitle>Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst</stitle><date>2019-12-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>115</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>391</spage><epage>405</epage><pages>391-405</pages><issn>1385-1314</issn><eissn>1573-0867</eissn><abstract>Pea (
Pisum sativum
L.) is a valuable grain legume in organic crop rotations. Pea rotations provide nitrogen (N) to the system through N fixation and produce animal feed or human food. Because of the high susceptibility of pea to pests, diseases and weeds and due to low profitability, especially in organic systems, pea cropping intensity decreased in the last 15 years in Austria. Therefore, it is important to find strategies for improving pea cropping systems in organic systems, by increasing yields and providing a positive N balance. The objective of this study was to compare pea genotypes of selected field and fodder pea in pure and mixed pea stands for biomass performance, biological N fixation and pre-crop effect under dry site conditions in a 2-year study in Eastern Austria. Pea N fixation was estimated using the extended N-difference method, with oat as the reference crop. The highest grain yield was found for the leafed field pea, with 2.5 Mg dry mass (DM) ha
−1
, followed by the semi-leafless field pea with 2.1 Mg DM ha
−1
and the pea-mixtures with 2.2 Mg DM ha
−1
. The field pea cultivars yielded more than the fodder pea cultivars with 1.6 Mg DM ha
−1
. The average N concentration in pea grains was 3.6 mg g
−1
. The fodder pea type contained 3.8 mg g
−1
, significantly more N (
p
< 0.0001) than the semi-leafless and leafed field pea. Pea N fixation ranged from 53 to 75 kg N ha
−1
, corresponding to 42–50% of N derived from the atmosphere (% N
dfa
). No differences in N fixation were found among cultivars, types and field/fodder pea. The fodder pea exported less N from the field because of their lower grain yield. Therefore, the N balance (N-input − N-output) of fodder pea was positive, with + 3.4 kg N ha
−1
compared to the negative N balance of − 0.6 to − 3.6 kg N ha
−1
for the leafed field pea types. These differences were not reflected in the following winter wheat crop, where the DM grain yield was 3.6–3.9 Mg ha
−1
with no differences between cultivars and ideotypes. The results demonstrate that leafed field pea could have a sufficient grain yield and fodder pea could produce high N concentration in the grains. Because there are no differences regarding the effect of pea types on the yield of the following crop, it can be concluded that all tested pea types are suitable for successful organic pea production under dry site conditions. While there were no negative effects on the subsequent crop, the different ideotypes and mixtures may be selected based on different management goals.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><doi>10.1007/s10705-019-10021-4</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8024-4288</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems, 2019-12, Vol.115 (3), p.391-405 |
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| source | Springer Nature |
| subjects | Agricultural practices Agricultural production Agriculture Animal feed Biomedical and Life Sciences Cereal crops Crop rotation Crop yield Cropping systems Crops Cultivars Economics Farming systems Feeds Fixation Fodder Forage Genotypes Grain Legumes Life Sciences Nitrates Nitrogen Organic farming Original Article Pests Profitability Wheat Winter wheat |
| title | Crop performance, biological N fixation and pre-crop effect of pea ideotypes in an organic farming system |
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