Possible scenarios for single, double, or multiple kinetic freeze-out in high-energy collisions

Transverse momentum spectra of different types of particles produced in mid-rapidity interval in central and peripheral gold–gold (Au–Au) collisions, central and peripheral deuteron–gold ( d –Au) collisions, and inelastic (INEL) or non-single-diffractive (NSD) proton–proton ( pp ) collisions at the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Indian journal of physics 2019-10, Vol.93 (10), p.1329-1343
Main Authors: Waqas, M, Liu, F-H, Fakhraddin, S, Rahim, M A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Astrophysics and Astroparticles
Collisions
Deuterons
Gold
Heavy ions
Large Hadron Collider
Lead
Original Paper
Particle mass
Physics
Physics and Astronomy
Protons
Quarks
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Solenoids
Transverse momentum
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Summary:Transverse momentum spectra of different types of particles produced in mid-rapidity interval in central and peripheral gold–gold (Au–Au) collisions, central and peripheral deuteron–gold ( d –Au) collisions, and inelastic (INEL) or non-single-diffractive (NSD) proton–proton ( pp ) collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), as well as in central and peripheral lead–lead (Pb–Pb) collisions, central and peripheral proton–lead ( p –Pb) collisions, and INEL or NSD pp collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are analyzed by the blast-wave model with Boltzmann–Gibbs statistics. The model results are largely consist with the experimental data in special transverse momentum ranges measured by the PHENIX, STAR, ALICE, and CMS Collaborations. It is showed that the kinetic freeze-out temperature of emission source is dependent on particle mass, which reveals the scenario for multiple kinetic freeze-out in collisions at the RHIC and LHC. The scenario for single or double kinetic freeze-out is not observed in this study.
ISSN:0973-1458
0974-9845
DOI:10.1007/s12648-019-01396-9