In vitro evaluation of artificial joints: a comprehensive review

Development of artificial joints is a great progress for joint replacement operations of human being, but the short longevity of prostheses has concerned both industries and researchers since the advent of modern implants. Thus, continuous improvements have been made alongside the clinical applicati...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Advances in manufacturing 2019-03, Vol.7 (1), p.1-14
Main Authors: Shen, Gang, Zhang, Ju-Fan, Fang, Feng-Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Artificial joints
Control
Engineering
In vitro methods and tests
Lubricants
Machines
Manufacturing
Mechatronics
Motion effects
Nanotechnology and Microengineering
Particulate composites
Processes
Prostheses
Proteins
Robotics
Surgical implants
Thickness
Tribology
Wear mechanisms
Wear rate
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Summary:Development of artificial joints is a great progress for joint replacement operations of human being, but the short longevity of prostheses has concerned both industries and researchers since the advent of modern implants. Thus, continuous improvements have been made alongside the clinical applications. The methodologies to inspect the potential properties of new designs have also seen many advances. The test machines have evolved from easy pin-on-disk configuration to the modern joint simulator. Besides, various wear traces provided by testing machines are investigated greatly, and multi-directional files are recommended as motion profiles for in vitro testing. The typical testing parameters, like sliding speed or loading profile, are discussed in this article, and their working mechanisms are described in detail. Meanwhile, the calf or bovine serum has been regarded as the gold standard for testing lubricant, and the future trend of fluid will be focused on investigating the effects of lubricant composites on the tribological properties. Hard particles and proteins are discussed as well, and their effects on the wear mechanisms are the focus. Finally, various approaches to measure the wear rate, wear factor and the thickness of lubricant film are presented, and suggestions are given for the development in future.
ISSN:2095-3127
2195-3597
DOI:10.1007/s40436-018-00244-z