Fifty years of commercial caesium clocks

The first commercial caesium-beam clock was the Atomichron, developed by National Company. The first unit was delivered in 1956. This paper first presents a brief history of commercial caesium-beam clocks. It then covers many of the sources of frequency error and frequency instability. Some details...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Metrologia 2005-06, Vol.42 (3), p.S90-S99
Main Author: Cutler, Leonard S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Atomic clocks
Chemical elements
Design engineering
Science history
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Summary:The first commercial caesium-beam clock was the Atomichron, developed by National Company. The first unit was delivered in 1956. This paper first presents a brief history of commercial caesium-beam clocks. It then covers many of the sources of frequency error and frequency instability. Some details of the technical design of the caesium-tube and electronics are presented. Finally, we present some possible directions for future commercial caesium clocks. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
ISSN:0026-1394
1681-7575
DOI:10.1088/0026-1394/42/3/S10