Hydrothermal synthesis of ammonium illite

Synthetic gel and glass of illitic composition, natural kaolinite, and mixed-layer illitesmectite were used as starting materials for hydrothermal synthesis of ammonium illite. Ammonium illite was prepared from synthetic gel by hydrothermal treatment at 300°C. The onset of crystallization began with...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The American mineralogist 1998-02, Vol.83 (1-2), p.58-67
Main Authors: Sucha, V, Elsass, F, Eberl, D. D, Kuchta, L, Madejova, J, Gates, W. P, Komadel, P
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ammonia
Ammonium
clay mineralogy
clay minerals
colloidal materials
Crystallization
gels
glass materials
Hydrology
hydrothermal conditions
Illite
Kaolinite
Mineralogy
sed rocks, sediments
Sedimentary petrology
sheet silicates
silicates
smectite
synthesis
synthetic materials
TEM data
Thermodynamics
X-ray data
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Summary:Synthetic gel and glass of illitic composition, natural kaolinite, and mixed-layer illitesmectite were used as starting materials for hydrothermal synthesis of ammonium illite. Ammonium illite was prepared from synthetic gel by hydrothermal treatment at 300°C. The onset of crystallization began within 3 h, and well-crystallized ammonium illite appeared at 24 h. Increasing reaction time (up to four weeks) led to many illite layers per crystal. In the presence of equivalent proportions of potassium and ammonium, the gel was transformed to illite with equimolar contents of K and NH4. In contrast, synthesis using glass under the same conditions resulted in a mixture of mixed-layer ammonium illite-smectite with large expandability and discrete illite. Hydrothermal treatments of the fine fractions of natural kaolinite and illite-smectite produced ammonium illite from kaolinite but the illite-smectite remained unchanged.
ISSN:0003-004X
1945-3027
DOI:10.2138/am-1998-1-206