Southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) return to a former wintering calving ground: Fowlers Bay, South Australia

Southern right whales (SRW), Eubalaena australis, have reoccupied historically important winter habitat ranges (calving grounds) in recent years along the southern Australian coast. Here we present findings of increased abundance of SRW at Fowlers Bay, South Australia, a previous shore‐based whaling...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Marine mammal science 2019-10, Vol.35 (4), p.1438-1462
Main Authors: Charlton, Claire, Ward, Rhianne, McCauley, Robert D., Brownell, Robert L., Guggenheimer, Sacha, Salgado Kent, Chandra P., Bannister, John L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abundance
Aerial surveys
Aquatic mammals
Australia
Balaena
Biological surveys
calving
conservation
Dispersal
distribution
Eubalaena australis
Females
Habitats
Marine mammals
Occupancy
Overwintering
photo identification
Relative abundance
southern right whale
Surveys
Whales
Whaling
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Summary:Southern right whales (SRW), Eubalaena australis, have reoccupied historically important winter habitat ranges (calving grounds) in recent years along the southern Australian coast. Here we present findings of increased abundance of SRW at Fowlers Bay, South Australia, a previous shore‐based whaling station. This study investigates: SRW inter‐ and intraseasonal trends in relative abundance; changes to the relative proportion of the southwestern subpopulation represented by SRW at Fowlers Bay; distribution; and occupancy. Sighting and photo identification data were collected during annual aerial (1993–2016) and vessel surveys (2014–2016). The total number of female and calf pairs was 3 during 1993–2003 and 63 during 2004–2014. Despite high variability in annual relative abundance, the rate of mean increase from 1993 to 2016 (29.0%/yr, 95% CI = 0, 54.2) exceeded the maximum biological rate for the species (6%–7%/yr). Peak relative abundance was recorded in July and August. SRW at Fowlers Bay represent an increasing proportion of the southwestern subpopulation (range = 0.9%–7.4%). Mean occupancy was 23 d (range = 1–75) for female and calf pairs and 2 d (range = 1–15) for unaccompanied adults. Reduced sightings in 2015 and 2016 demonstrate plasticity in SRW abundance at Fowlers Bay. Research into the movement and connectivity of SRW is needed to understand drivers of habitat dispersal in Australia.
ISSN:0824-0469
1748-7692
DOI:10.1111/mms.12611