The Role of Microglia in the Homeostasis of the Central Nervous System and Neuroinflammation

– Recently, much attention has been drawn to unraveling the mechanisms of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease pathogenesis. A special role in the development of neuropathologies is assigned to the interaction of the nervous and the immune systems. Microglia are the cells of the immune sy...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular biology (New York) 2019-09, Vol.53 (5), p.696-703
Main Authors: Gogoleva, V. S., Drutskaya, M. S., Atretkhany, K. S.-N.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Central nervous system
Genome editing
Genomes
Homeostasis
Human Genetics
Immune system
Inflammation
Life Sciences
Macrophages
Microglia
Nervous system
Neurodegeneration
Neurological diseases
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Summary:– Recently, much attention has been drawn to unraveling the mechanisms of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease pathogenesis. A special role in the development of neuropathologies is assigned to the interaction of the nervous and the immune systems. Microglia are the cells of the immune system that function as resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS) and are involved in the development of CNS, as well as in homeostatic interactions. Impaired microglia can contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. With the help of genome editing technologies, the main paradigms in the development and functions of microglia have been addressed. At the same time, an understanding of the mechanisms of regulation of microglia in normal and pathological conditions is necessary to create an effective therapy aimed at treating various neurological diseases. This review focuses on recent findings on the origin of microglia, its regulatory role in the central nervous system, as well as its contribution to the development of neuroinflammation.
ISSN:0026-8933
1608-3245
DOI:10.1134/S0026893319050054