Evolutionary implications of a duplivincular ligament in the Carboniferous pinnid Pteronites (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Pteriomorphia)

Modern pinnoideans, or “pen shells,” are shallowly to deeply endobyssate, equivalved, edentulous, ham-shaped bivalves with a single, slightly submerged, opisthodetic ligament. Malacologists have generally regarded pinnids as closely related to the pterioid superfamily Pterioidea, especially its Pale...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of paleontology 2004-01, Vol.78 (1), p.235-239
Main Author: Carter, Joseph G.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
biologic evolution
Biological evolution
Bivalvia
Breathitt Formation
Carboniferous
Evolution
Floyd County Kentucky
Fossils
Geology
Invertebrata
invertebrate
Kentucky
Ligaments
Middle Pennsylvanian
Molecular evolution
Mollusca
Mollusks
morphology
Paleontological Notes
Paleontology
Paleozoic
Pennsylvanian
Perry County Kentucky
Phylogeny
Prisms
Pteriina
Pterioida
Pteronites
Pteronites americana
Shells
Social evolution
United States
valves
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Summary:Modern pinnoideans, or “pen shells,” are shallowly to deeply endobyssate, equivalved, edentulous, ham-shaped bivalves with a single, slightly submerged, opisthodetic ligament. Malacologists have generally regarded pinnids as closely related to the pterioid superfamily Pterioidea, especially its Paleozoic family Pterineidae (e.g., Zittel, 1927, p. 446; Thiele, 1935, p. 803; Pojeta, 1978; Waller, 1978). As early as 1890, Jackson suggested that pinnids evolved from the Silurian-Permian pterineid Leptodesma Hall, 1883. More recently, Pojeta (1978, p. 239) speculated that they evolved from the pterineid Pteronitella Billings, 1874 (a Silurian genus similar to Leptodesma) through the morphologically intermediate Devonian Palaeopinna Hall, 1883. The hinge and ligament of Palaeopinna remain unknown, so its family-level placement is uncertain (Newell and LaRocque, 1969, p. N301). However, Leptodesma and Pteronitella have hinge teeth, inequivalved shells, and a duplivincular ligament similar to other pterineids (Newell and LaRocque, 1969, p. N299–N301; Pojeta, 1978, p. 239; Pojeta and Runnegar, 1985, fig. 16D; Carter, 1990a, p. 205; 1990b, p. 334).
ISSN:0022-3360
1937-2337
DOI:10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078<0235:EIOADL>2.0.CO;2