Barium chloride dose‐dependently induced heart and lung injury in Wistar rats

• Published in: Environmental toxicology 2019-12, Vol.34 (12), p.1303-1312
• Main Authors: Omole, Joseph G., Alabi, Quadri K., Aturamu, Ayodeji, Adefisayo, Modinat A., Oluwayomi, Oludare, Dada, Moses B., Ige, Mokolade S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetylcholinesterase; Acetylcholinesterase - metabolism; Animals; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - metabolism; Barium; Barium chloride; Barium Compounds - toxicity; Catalase; Chlorides; Chlorides - toxicity; Cholesterol; Creatine; Creatine kinase; Creatine Kinase - blood; Damage; Density; Disruption; Environmental Pollutants - toxicity; Exposure; Glutathione; Glutathione - metabolism; GPI-Linked Proteins - metabolism; Heart; Heart - drug effects; heart and lung injury; Heavy metals; hematological parameters; Hematology; Histology; Inflammation; Interleukin-6 - metabolism; Interleukins; interleukin‐6; Kinases; L-Lactate dehydrogenase; Lactate; Lactate dehydrogenase; Lactic acid; Levels; Lipid peroxidation; Lipid Peroxidation - drug effects; Lipids; Lipoproteins; Lung Injury - chemically induced; Lung Injury - pathology; Lungs; Male; Metallothionein; Metallothionein - metabolism; Metallothioneins; Metals; Myocardium - metabolism; Myocardium - pathology; Nitric oxide; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Parameters; Peroxidation; Pollutants; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rodents; Superoxide dismutase; Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism; Triglycerides
• ISSN: 1520-4081; 1522-7278
• DOI: 10.1002/tox.22831

Barium (Ba) is one of the environmental pollutant metals that incite deleterious effects on human health. The present study investigated the effects of exposure to different doses of barium chloride (BaCl2) on heart and lung of Wistar rats. Rats were exposed to BaCl2 at 150, 300, and 600 mg/L for seven consecutive days. Results indicated that exposure to Ba caused heart and lung damage evidenced by significant increase in plasma lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activities, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol levels, while high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol level decreased when compared with control. Moreover, BaCl2 significantly decreased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and acetylcholinesterase activities as well as glutathione level in heart and lung of the treated rats. Furthermore, the dose‐dependent increase in cardiac and lung lipid peroxidation, advanced oxidative protein product and nitric oxide levels were accompanied by marked increase in metallothionein in the BaCl2‐treated rats. Administration of BaCl2 altered hematological parameters and significantly increased concentrations of interleukin‐6 in the treated rats. Histology analysis showed significant alteration in the heart and lung tissues of Ba‐treated rats. In conclusion, BaCl2‐induced heart and lung damages via disruption of antioxidant defense systems, and activation of inflammatory mediators and alteration in hematological parameters in rats.