A thiourea additive-based quadruple cation lead halide perovskite with an ultra-large grain size for efficient perovskite solar cells

Quadruple cation-based perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have crossed the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.2% because of their effective light harvesting ability. The perovskite materials and type of additives play a crucial role in improving the photovoltaic performance and stability. Therefore...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanoscale 2019-11, Vol.11 (45), p.21824-21833
Main Authors: Patil, Jyoti V, Mali, Sawanta S, Hong, Chang Kook
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Additives
Cations
Display devices
Energy conversion efficiency
Grain boundaries
Grain size
Lead compounds
Metal halides
Optimization
Perovskites
Photovoltaic cells
Solar cells
Thermal stability
Thermal stress
Thin films
Thioureas
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Summary:Quadruple cation-based perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have crossed the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.2% because of their effective light harvesting ability. The perovskite materials and type of additives play a crucial role in improving the photovoltaic performance and stability. Therefore, here, we demonstrated a simple approach to reduce the grain boundaries and increase the grain size by adding thiourea (TU) as an additive in mixed halide (FAPbI 3 ) 0.85 (MAPbBr 3 ) 0.15 , triple cation Cs 0.05 [(FAPbI 3 ) 0.85 (MAPbBr 3 ) 0.15 ] 0.95 and quadruple Rb 0.05 {Cs 0.05 [(FAPbI 3 ) 0.85 (MAPbBr 3 ) 0.15 ] 0.95 } 0.95 cation perovskite absorbers. Our results indicate that the TU-added perovskite thin films have positive effects on the grain size, which improved up to 2.6 μm for the quadruple cation. Final optimization with the quadruple cation containing TU additive-based PVSC exhibited a 20.92% PCE, which is higher than additive-free PVSCs. Furthermore, the stability of the additive-modified PVSCs is much higher than that of bare films due to their ultra-large grain size with reduced grain boundaries. In addition, our thermal stress results exhibited that the additive-based PVSC devices display better thermal stability of more than ∼100 h at 60 °C without encapsulation. Controlling the grain size of the organic-inorganic perovskite thin films using thiourea additives now crossing 2 μm size with >20% power conversion efficiency.
ISSN:2040-3364
2040-3372
DOI:10.1039/c9nr07377a