Two-stage dimension reduction for noisy high-dimensional images and application to Cryogenic Electron Microscopy

Principal component analysis (PCA) is arguably the most widely used dimension-reduction method for vector-type data. When applied to a sample of images, PCA requires vectorization of the image data, which in turn entails solving an eigenvalue problem for the sample covariance matrix. We propose here...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:arXiv.org 2021-02
Main Authors: Szu-Chi Chung, Wang, Shao-Hsuan, Po-Yao Niu, Su-Yun, Huang, Wei-Hau, Chang, I-Ping, Tu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Covariance matrix
Eigenvalues
Mathematical analysis
Matrix algebra
Matrix methods
Noise reduction
Photomicrographs
Principal components analysis
Structural analysis
Vector processing (computers)
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Summary:Principal component analysis (PCA) is arguably the most widely used dimension-reduction method for vector-type data. When applied to a sample of images, PCA requires vectorization of the image data, which in turn entails solving an eigenvalue problem for the sample covariance matrix. We propose herein a two-stage dimension reduction (2SDR) method for image reconstruction from high-dimensional noisy image data. The first stage treats the image as a matrix, which is a tensor of order 2, and uses multilinear principal component analysis (MPCA) for matrix rank reduction and image denoising. The second stage vectorizes the reduced-rank matrix and achieves further dimension and noise reduction. Simulation studies demonstrate excellent performance of 2SDR, for which we also develop an asymptotic theory that establishes consistency of its rank selection. Applications to cryo-EM (cryogenic electronic microscopy), which has revolutionized structural biology, organic and medical chemistry, cellular and molecular physiology in the past decade, are also provided and illustrated with benchmark cryo-EM datasets. Connections to other contemporaneous developments in image reconstruction and high-dimensional statistical inference are also discussed.
ISSN:2331-8422
DOI:10.48550/arxiv.1911.09816