Bioavailability of phylloquinone from an intravenous lipid emulsion

• Published in: The American journal of clinical nutrition 1998-04, Vol.67 (4), p.716-721
• Main Authors: Camilo, ME, Jatoi, A, O’Brien, M, Davidson, K, Sokoll, L, Sadowski, JA, Mason, JB
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; ADULTE; ADULTOS; ADULTS; ALIMENTACION PARENTERAL; ALIMENTATION ENTERALE; ANIMAL PROTEINS; BIOAVAILABILITY; BIODISPONIBILIDAD; BIODISPONIBILITE; Biological and medical sciences; Biological Availability; Biomarkers; BLOOD PLASMA; CARBOXYLATION; CARENCE EN VITAMINE; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; COLLOIDE; COLLOIDS; COLOIDES; COMPOSE EPOXY; COMPUESTOS EPOXY; CORPS GRAS; COUMAFENE; DEFICIENCIA DE VITAMINAS; DEPLETION; Diet; EPOXIDES; EPOXY COMPOUNDS; ESTADO NUTRICIONAL; ETAT NUTRITIONNEL; FAT EMULSIONS; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; FATS; Female; FEMME; General and cellular metabolism. Vitamins; GRASAS; HOMBRES; HOMME; Humans; INJECTION; INTRAVENOUS INJECTION; INYECCION; Lipids; Male; Medical sciences; MEN; MUJERES; Nutrition; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; OSTEOCALCIN; Osteocalcin - blood; PARENTERAL FEEDING; PEPTIDE; PEPTIDES; PEPTIDOS; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; PLASMA SANGUIN; PLASMA SANGUINEO; Protein Precursors - metabolism; PROTEINAS; PROTEINE; PROTEINS; Prothrombin - metabolism; PROTIENS INDUCED BY VITAMIN K ABSENCE-I (PIVKA-1); REACCIONES QUIMICAS; REACTION CHIMIQUE; VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES; VITAMIN K; Vitamin K 1 - administration & dosage; Vitamin K 1 - analogs & derivatives; Vitamin K 1 - blood; Vitamin K 1 - pharmacokinetics; Vitamin K Deficiency - chemically induced; Vitamin K Deficiency - metabolism; VITAMINA K; VITAMINE K; Vitamins; WARFARIN; WARFARINA; WOMEN; YOUNG ADULTS
• ISSN: 0002-9165; 1938-3207
• DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/67.4.716

This randomized, controlled study evaluated the bioavailability of phylloquinone from an intravenous lipid emulsion. A mild vitamin K deficiency was induced in 12 healthy adult men and women by dietary restriction of phylloquinone (40 microg/d, days 1–11) and by administration of warfarin (1.0 mg/d, days 5-11). On day 11, subjects received a 500-mL intravenous solution of either lipid or saline, both of which contained 154 microg phylloquinone. Bioavailability was assessed by serial measurements of plasma phylloquinone, vitamin K1-2,3-epoxide. PIVKA-II (proteins induced by vitamin K absence or antagonists-II), and percentage undercarboxylated osteocalcin. As a result of vitamin K deficiency and minidose warfarin, vitamin K1-2,3-epoxide, PIVKA-II, and percentage undercarboxylated osteocalcin increased significantly between days 1 and 11 (P = 0.05, 0.016, and 0.001, respectively). With the infusions, plasma phylloquinone increased in both groups (P = 0.001). After the infusions vitamin K,-2,3-epoxide decreased in both groups (P = 0.002). Changes in plasma phylloquinone and vitamin K1-2,3-epoxide were no different in the two groups (mean areas under the curves +/- SEM: 116+/-13 nmol x h/L for the saline group and 102+/-20 nmol x h/L for the lipid group for phylloquinone; 38.6+/-7.5 nmol x h/L for the saline group and 31.3+/-9.0 nmol x h/L for the lipid group for vitamin K1-2,3-epoxide). PIVKA-II decreased significantly from baseline values (P = 0.005) in both groups after the infusions. Intravenous lipid reversed the effects of minidose warfarin and of dietary restriction of phylloquinone on hemostasis and vitamin K nutritional status. This reversal was no different from that seen with the infusion of phylloquinone in a saline solution.