Delay-Aware Grid-Based Geographic Routing in Urban VANETs: A Backbone Approach

Due to the random delay, local maximum and data congestion in vehicular networks, the design of a routing is really a challenging task especially in the urban environment. In this paper, a distributed routing protocol DGGR is proposed, which comprehensively takes into account sparse and dense enviro...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE/ACM transactions on networking 2019-12, Vol.27 (6), p.2324-2337
Main Authors: Chen, Chen, Liu, Lei, Qiu, Tie, Wu, Dapeng Oliver, Ren, Zhiyuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ad hoc vehicular networks
Algorithms
Backbone
Computer simulation
Delay
Delays
geographic routing
Mobile ad hoc networks
Real-time systems
Route planning
Routing
Routing protocols
Segments
Telecommunication traffic
Traffic information
Traffic intersections
transmission delay
Urban environments
VANETs
Vehicles
Weight
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Summary:Due to the random delay, local maximum and data congestion in vehicular networks, the design of a routing is really a challenging task especially in the urban environment. In this paper, a distributed routing protocol DGGR is proposed, which comprehensively takes into account sparse and dense environments to make routing decisions. As the guidance of routing selection, a road weight evaluation (RWE) algorithm is presented to assess road segments, the novelty of which lies that each road segment is assigned a weight based on two built delay models via exploiting the real-time link property when connected or historic traffic information when disconnected. With the RWE algorithm, the determined routing path can greatly alleviate the risk of local maximum and data congestion. Specially, in view of the large size of a modern city, the road map is divided into a series of Grid Zones (GZs). Based on the position of the destination, the packets can be forwarded among different GZs instead of the whole city map to reduce the computation complexity, where the best path with the lowest delay within each GZ is determined. The backbone link consisting of a series of selected backbone nodes at intersections and within road segments, is built for data forwarding along the determined path, which can further avoid the MAC contentions. Extensive simulations reveal that compared with some classic routing protocols, DGGR performs best in terms of average transmission delay and packet delivery ratio by varying the packet generating speed and density.
ISSN:1063-6692
1558-2566
DOI:10.1109/TNET.2019.2944595