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Occupancy Patterns in a Reintroduced Fisher Population during Reestablishment
Monitoring population performance in the years following species reintroductions is key to assessing population restoration success and evaluating assumptions made in planning species restoration programs. From 2008–2010 we translocated 90 fishers (Pekania pennanti) from British Columbia, Canada, to...
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Published in: | The Journal of wildlife management 2020-02, Vol.84 (2), p.344-358 |
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creator | HAPPE, PATRICIA J. JENKINS, KURT J. MCCAFFERY, REBECCA M. LEWIS, JEFFREY C. PILGRIM, KRISTINE L. SCHWARTZ, MICHAEL K. |
description | Monitoring population performance in the years following species reintroductions is key to assessing population restoration success and evaluating assumptions made in planning species restoration programs. From 2008–2010 we translocated 90 fishers (Pekania pennanti) from British Columbia, Canada, to Washington’s Olympic Peninsula, USA, providing the opportunity to evaluate modeling assumptions used to identify the most suitable reintroduction areas in Washington and enhance understanding of fisher habitat associations in the late-successional forest ecosystems in the coastal Pacific Northwest. From 2013–2016, we deployed 788 motion-sensing cameras and hair (DNA)-snaring devices distributed among 263 24-km² primary sampling units across the Olympic Peninsula. Our objectives were to determine whether occupancy patterns of the reestablishing population supported assumptions of the initial habitat assessment models, whether the population had expanded or shifted in distribution since the initial reintroductions, compare physical habitat attributes among land-management designations, and determine whether the founding fishers had successfully reproduced. We predicted that site occupancy by fishers would be associated with landscapes characterized by high proportional coverage of dense forest canopies and medium-sized and large trees, a diversity of stand structural classes, and area near the administrative boundary separating wilderness from more intensively managed forest lands. We detected fishers across designated wilderness, federal lands outside of wilderness, and other land designations in proportion to land availability on the Peninsula. We found negligible support for predictions that occupancy by fishers was associated with percent forest cover, tree-size class, or structural class diversity. Rather, occupancy was strongly associated with lands near the wilderness boundary on both sides. We speculate that the boundary between wilderness and more intensively managed forest lands provided fishers with the most suitable prey in proximity to contiguous expanses of low- to midelevation late-successional forests that provided optimal resting, denning, and security values. Occupancy patterns shifted toward the west and south along a precipitation gradient during the study, indicating that population distribution had not yet stabilized 5–8 years following translocation. Genetic results indicated that ≥2 generations of fishers have been produced on the Peninsul |
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From 2008–2010 we translocated 90 fishers (Pekania pennanti) from British Columbia, Canada, to Washington’s Olympic Peninsula, USA, providing the opportunity to evaluate modeling assumptions used to identify the most suitable reintroduction areas in Washington and enhance understanding of fisher habitat associations in the late-successional forest ecosystems in the coastal Pacific Northwest. From 2013–2016, we deployed 788 motion-sensing cameras and hair (DNA)-snaring devices distributed among 263 24-km² primary sampling units across the Olympic Peninsula. Our objectives were to determine whether occupancy patterns of the reestablishing population supported assumptions of the initial habitat assessment models, whether the population had expanded or shifted in distribution since the initial reintroductions, compare physical habitat attributes among land-management designations, and determine whether the founding fishers had successfully reproduced. We predicted that site occupancy by fishers would be associated with landscapes characterized by high proportional coverage of dense forest canopies and medium-sized and large trees, a diversity of stand structural classes, and area near the administrative boundary separating wilderness from more intensively managed forest lands. We detected fishers across designated wilderness, federal lands outside of wilderness, and other land designations in proportion to land availability on the Peninsula. We found negligible support for predictions that occupancy by fishers was associated with percent forest cover, tree-size class, or structural class diversity. Rather, occupancy was strongly associated with lands near the wilderness boundary on both sides. We speculate that the boundary between wilderness and more intensively managed forest lands provided fishers with the most suitable prey in proximity to contiguous expanses of low- to midelevation late-successional forests that provided optimal resting, denning, and security values. Occupancy patterns shifted toward the west and south along a precipitation gradient during the study, indicating that population distribution had not yet stabilized 5–8 years following translocation. Genetic results indicated that ≥2 generations of fishers have been produced on the Peninsula. Annual occupancy rates across the Peninsula (0.08–0.24) were lower than in other previously studied and established fisher populations, indicating that not all habitat was fully occupied or that initial estimates of the extent of habitat was overestimated. The strong selection fishers exhibited for wilderness edge and weak selection against extensive forested wilderness areas suggested that habitat managers should strive for maintaining a suitable interspersion of required forest structures and biotic habitat components, such as prey resource availability.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-541X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1937-2817</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21788</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bethesda: Wiley</publisher><subject>Cameras ; Coverage ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; Fish populations ; fisher ; Forest ecosystems ; Forest management ; Forests ; Habitat Relations ; Habitats ; noninvasive genetic sampling ; Occupancy ; Olympic Peninsula ; Pekania pennanti ; Population ; Population distribution ; Population studies ; Predictions ; Prey ; Reintroduction ; Resource availability ; Restoration ; Terrestrial ecosystems ; Translocation ; Wilderness ; Wilderness areas ; Wildlife ; Wildlife habitats ; Wildlife management</subject><ispartof>The Journal of wildlife management, 2020-02, Vol.84 (2), p.344-358</ispartof><rights>2019 The Wildlife Society</rights><rights>2020 The Wildlife Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3238-9ddd8a9bc7cd82c1f75526924b90106c171d849c6c5ec126583c8be60c44d07e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3238-9ddd8a9bc7cd82c1f75526924b90106c171d849c6c5ec126583c8be60c44d07e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0580-6607</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26886260$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26886260$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,58238,58471</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>HAPPE, PATRICIA J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>JENKINS, KURT J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MCCAFFERY, REBECCA M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LEWIS, JEFFREY C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PILGRIM, KRISTINE L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SCHWARTZ, MICHAEL K.</creatorcontrib><title>Occupancy Patterns in a Reintroduced Fisher Population during Reestablishment</title><title>The Journal of wildlife management</title><description>Monitoring population performance in the years following species reintroductions is key to assessing population restoration success and evaluating assumptions made in planning species restoration programs. From 2008–2010 we translocated 90 fishers (Pekania pennanti) from British Columbia, Canada, to Washington’s Olympic Peninsula, USA, providing the opportunity to evaluate modeling assumptions used to identify the most suitable reintroduction areas in Washington and enhance understanding of fisher habitat associations in the late-successional forest ecosystems in the coastal Pacific Northwest. From 2013–2016, we deployed 788 motion-sensing cameras and hair (DNA)-snaring devices distributed among 263 24-km² primary sampling units across the Olympic Peninsula. Our objectives were to determine whether occupancy patterns of the reestablishing population supported assumptions of the initial habitat assessment models, whether the population had expanded or shifted in distribution since the initial reintroductions, compare physical habitat attributes among land-management designations, and determine whether the founding fishers had successfully reproduced. We predicted that site occupancy by fishers would be associated with landscapes characterized by high proportional coverage of dense forest canopies and medium-sized and large trees, a diversity of stand structural classes, and area near the administrative boundary separating wilderness from more intensively managed forest lands. We detected fishers across designated wilderness, federal lands outside of wilderness, and other land designations in proportion to land availability on the Peninsula. We found negligible support for predictions that occupancy by fishers was associated with percent forest cover, tree-size class, or structural class diversity. Rather, occupancy was strongly associated with lands near the wilderness boundary on both sides. We speculate that the boundary between wilderness and more intensively managed forest lands provided fishers with the most suitable prey in proximity to contiguous expanses of low- to midelevation late-successional forests that provided optimal resting, denning, and security values. Occupancy patterns shifted toward the west and south along a precipitation gradient during the study, indicating that population distribution had not yet stabilized 5–8 years following translocation. Genetic results indicated that ≥2 generations of fishers have been produced on the Peninsula. Annual occupancy rates across the Peninsula (0.08–0.24) were lower than in other previously studied and established fisher populations, indicating that not all habitat was fully occupied or that initial estimates of the extent of habitat was overestimated. The strong selection fishers exhibited for wilderness edge and weak selection against extensive forested wilderness areas suggested that habitat managers should strive for maintaining a suitable interspersion of required forest structures and biotic habitat components, such as prey resource availability.</description><subject>Cameras</subject><subject>Coverage</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Fish populations</subject><subject>fisher</subject><subject>Forest ecosystems</subject><subject>Forest management</subject><subject>Forests</subject><subject>Habitat Relations</subject><subject>Habitats</subject><subject>noninvasive genetic sampling</subject><subject>Occupancy</subject><subject>Olympic Peninsula</subject><subject>Pekania pennanti</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Population distribution</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Predictions</subject><subject>Prey</subject><subject>Reintroduction</subject><subject>Resource availability</subject><subject>Restoration</subject><subject>Terrestrial ecosystems</subject><subject>Translocation</subject><subject>Wilderness</subject><subject>Wilderness areas</subject><subject>Wildlife</subject><subject>Wildlife habitats</subject><subject>Wildlife management</subject><issn>0022-541X</issn><issn>1937-2817</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kM9LwzAUx4MoOKcX70LBm9CZH22SHmW4qWxsiKK3kCbZbOnSmrSM_vdmVj16eofv5_ve-34BuERwgiDEt-V-t51gxDg_AiOUERZjjtgxGAURx2mC3k_BmfclhAQhTkdguVKqa6RVfbSWbWuc9VFhIxk9m8K2rtadMjqaFf7DuGhdN10l26K2ke5cYbeBMr6VeRX0nbHtOTjZyMqbi585Bq-z-5fpQ7xYzR-nd4tYEUx4nGmtucxyxZTmWKENS1NMM5zkGUSQKsSQ5kmmqEqNQpimnCieGwpVkmjIDBmD62Fv4-rPLrwgyrpzNpwUmBAW0uE0DdTNQClXe-_MRjSu2EnXCwTFoS5xqEt81xVgNMD7ojL9P6R4elvOfz1Xg6f0be3-PJhyTjGF5AuVcXb1</recordid><startdate>20200201</startdate><enddate>20200201</enddate><creator>HAPPE, PATRICIA J.</creator><creator>JENKINS, KURT J.</creator><creator>MCCAFFERY, REBECCA M.</creator><creator>LEWIS, JEFFREY C.</creator><creator>PILGRIM, KRISTINE L.</creator><creator>SCHWARTZ, MICHAEL K.</creator><general>Wiley</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0580-6607</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200201</creationdate><title>Occupancy Patterns in a Reintroduced Fisher Population during Reestablishment</title><author>HAPPE, PATRICIA J. ; JENKINS, KURT J. ; MCCAFFERY, REBECCA M. ; LEWIS, JEFFREY C. ; PILGRIM, KRISTINE L. ; SCHWARTZ, MICHAEL K.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3238-9ddd8a9bc7cd82c1f75526924b90106c171d849c6c5ec126583c8be60c44d07e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Cameras</topic><topic>Coverage</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>Fish populations</topic><topic>fisher</topic><topic>Forest ecosystems</topic><topic>Forest management</topic><topic>Forests</topic><topic>Habitat Relations</topic><topic>Habitats</topic><topic>noninvasive genetic sampling</topic><topic>Occupancy</topic><topic>Olympic Peninsula</topic><topic>Pekania pennanti</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Population distribution</topic><topic>Population studies</topic><topic>Predictions</topic><topic>Prey</topic><topic>Reintroduction</topic><topic>Resource availability</topic><topic>Restoration</topic><topic>Terrestrial ecosystems</topic><topic>Translocation</topic><topic>Wilderness</topic><topic>Wilderness areas</topic><topic>Wildlife</topic><topic>Wildlife habitats</topic><topic>Wildlife management</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>HAPPE, PATRICIA J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>JENKINS, KURT J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>MCCAFFERY, REBECCA M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>LEWIS, JEFFREY C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>PILGRIM, KRISTINE L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SCHWARTZ, MICHAEL K.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>The Journal of wildlife management</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>HAPPE, PATRICIA J.</au><au>JENKINS, KURT J.</au><au>MCCAFFERY, REBECCA M.</au><au>LEWIS, JEFFREY C.</au><au>PILGRIM, KRISTINE L.</au><au>SCHWARTZ, MICHAEL K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Occupancy Patterns in a Reintroduced Fisher Population during Reestablishment</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of wildlife management</jtitle><date>2020-02-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>84</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>344</spage><epage>358</epage><pages>344-358</pages><issn>0022-541X</issn><eissn>1937-2817</eissn><abstract>Monitoring population performance in the years following species reintroductions is key to assessing population restoration success and evaluating assumptions made in planning species restoration programs. From 2008–2010 we translocated 90 fishers (Pekania pennanti) from British Columbia, Canada, to Washington’s Olympic Peninsula, USA, providing the opportunity to evaluate modeling assumptions used to identify the most suitable reintroduction areas in Washington and enhance understanding of fisher habitat associations in the late-successional forest ecosystems in the coastal Pacific Northwest. From 2013–2016, we deployed 788 motion-sensing cameras and hair (DNA)-snaring devices distributed among 263 24-km² primary sampling units across the Olympic Peninsula. Our objectives were to determine whether occupancy patterns of the reestablishing population supported assumptions of the initial habitat assessment models, whether the population had expanded or shifted in distribution since the initial reintroductions, compare physical habitat attributes among land-management designations, and determine whether the founding fishers had successfully reproduced. We predicted that site occupancy by fishers would be associated with landscapes characterized by high proportional coverage of dense forest canopies and medium-sized and large trees, a diversity of stand structural classes, and area near the administrative boundary separating wilderness from more intensively managed forest lands. We detected fishers across designated wilderness, federal lands outside of wilderness, and other land designations in proportion to land availability on the Peninsula. We found negligible support for predictions that occupancy by fishers was associated with percent forest cover, tree-size class, or structural class diversity. Rather, occupancy was strongly associated with lands near the wilderness boundary on both sides. We speculate that the boundary between wilderness and more intensively managed forest lands provided fishers with the most suitable prey in proximity to contiguous expanses of low- to midelevation late-successional forests that provided optimal resting, denning, and security values. Occupancy patterns shifted toward the west and south along a precipitation gradient during the study, indicating that population distribution had not yet stabilized 5–8 years following translocation. Genetic results indicated that ≥2 generations of fishers have been produced on the Peninsula. Annual occupancy rates across the Peninsula (0.08–0.24) were lower than in other previously studied and established fisher populations, indicating that not all habitat was fully occupied or that initial estimates of the extent of habitat was overestimated. The strong selection fishers exhibited for wilderness edge and weak selection against extensive forested wilderness areas suggested that habitat managers should strive for maintaining a suitable interspersion of required forest structures and biotic habitat components, such as prey resource availability.</abstract><cop>Bethesda</cop><pub>Wiley</pub><doi>10.1002/jwmg.21788</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0580-6607</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Cameras Coverage Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Fish populations fisher Forest ecosystems Forest management Forests Habitat Relations Habitats noninvasive genetic sampling Occupancy Olympic Peninsula Pekania pennanti Population Population distribution Population studies Predictions Prey Reintroduction Resource availability Restoration Terrestrial ecosystems Translocation Wilderness Wilderness areas Wildlife Wildlife habitats Wildlife management |
title | Occupancy Patterns in a Reintroduced Fisher Population during Reestablishment |
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