Predicting knottiness of Scots pine stems for quality bucking

• Published in: European journal of wood and wood products 2020, Vol.78 (1), p.143-150
• Main Authors: Mäkinen, Harri, Korpunen, Heikki, Raatevaara, Antti, Heikkinen, Jere, Alatalo, Juha, Uusitalo, Jori
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biomedical and Life Sciences; Ceramics; Composites; Diameters; Evergreen trees; Glass; Harvesters; Harvesting; Information processing; Knots; Life Sciences; Logging; Machines; Manufacturing; Natural Materials; Original; Pine trees; Pinus sylvestris; Processes; Stems; Wood Science & Technology
• ISSN: 0018-3768; 1436-736X
• DOI: 10.1007/s00107-019-01476-x

Stem shapes and wood properties are typically unknown at the time of harvesting. To date, approaches that integrate information about past tree growth into the harvesting and bucking process are rarely used. New models were developed and their potential demonstrated for stem bucking procedures for cut-to-length harvesters that integrate information about external and internal stem characteristics detected during harvesting. In total 221 stems were sampled from nine Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) stands in Finland. The widths of rings 11−20 from the pith were measured using images taken from the end face of each butt log. The total volume of knots in each whorl was measured by using a 4D X-ray log scanner. In addition, 13 stems were test sawn, and the diameters of individual knots were measured from the sawn boards. A model system was developed for predicting the horizontal diameter of the thickest knot for each whorl along a stem. The first submodel predicts the knot volume profile from the stem base upwards, and the second submodel converts the predicted knot volume to maximum knot diameter. The results showed that the knottiness of stems of a given size may vary greatly depending on their early growth rate. The developed system will be used to guide logging operations to achieve more profitable bucking procedures.