Anticosti foreland basin offshore of western Newfoundland: Concealed record of northern Appalachian orogen development

• Published in: Basin research 2020-02, Vol.32 (1), p.25-50
• Main Authors: White, Shawna E., Waldron, John W. F., Harris, Nicholas B.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: aeromagnetic data; Appalachian orogen; Aquatic birds; Clams; Devonian; foreland basin; Geological mapping; Geological time; Geometry; Geophysical data; Geophysics; Lithosphere; Mountains; Offshore; Ordovician; Orogeny; Polarity; Profiles; Seismic analysis; seismic data; Seismic profiles; Silurian; Stratigraphy; Subduction; Subduction (geology); Subsidence; Tectonics; Waterfowl
• ISSN: 0950-091X; 1365-2117
• DOI: 10.1111/bre.12364

The Anticosti Basin, largely hidden beneath the Gulf of St. Lawrence, includes foreland basin successions that record multiple tectonic events associated with the Ordovician to Devonian evolution of the northern Appalachian orogen. Due to the lack of well ties and minimal onshore exposure, geophysical data must be used in mapping the offshore stratigraphy. Outcropping geologic boundaries are tied to magnetic lineaments that parallel stratigraphy. These lineaments are correlated with reflections on seismic profiles in order to interpret the subsurface. Seismic isochron maps for successive basin development episodes display differences in geometry, implying that orogenic loading varied through time. The geometry and subsidence rates recorded by the Middle Ordovician Goose Tickle Group imply that it formed in a pro‐arc setting associated with loading during arc‐continent collision that was most intense in the northern Newfoundland Appalachians. The geometry and subsidence recorded by the overlying Long Point Group imply pro‐arc loading by Taconian allochthons in the Québec segment of the orogen. Diachronous subduction polarity reversal along the margin placed the Long Point Group in a combined retro‐arc and pro‐arc setting, comparable to that experienced by parts of the north Australian margin at the present day. The uppermost Silurian to Lower Devonian Clam Bank Formation and Lower Devonian Red Island Road Formation represent foreland basin successions associated with the later Salinian and Acadian orogenies. Their consistent thickness implies a broad, shallow basin, suggesting that the lithosphere was cooler and stronger than during earlier subsidence, and are consistent with a retro‐arc setting.