An introduction to bone tissue engineering

Bone tissue has the capability to regenerate itself; however, defects of a critical size prevent the bone from regenerating and require additional support. To aid regeneration, bone scaffolds created out of autologous or allograft bone can be used, yet these produce problems such as fast degradation...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of artificial organs 2020-02, Vol.43 (2), p.69-86
Main Authors: Perić Kačarević, Željka, Rider, Patrick, Alkildani, Said, Retnasingh, Sujith, Pejakić, Marija, Schnettler, Reinhard, Gosau, Martin, Smeets, Ralf, Jung, Ole, Barbeck, Mike
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biological activity
Biomaterials
Biomedical materials
Bone growth
Bones
Growth factors
Health risks
Manufacturing industry
Morbidity
Osteoconduction
Regeneration
Scaffolds
Tissue engineering
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Summary:Bone tissue has the capability to regenerate itself; however, defects of a critical size prevent the bone from regenerating and require additional support. To aid regeneration, bone scaffolds created out of autologous or allograft bone can be used, yet these produce problems such as fast degradation rates, reduced bioactivity, donor site morbidity or the risk of pathogen transmission. The development of bone tissue engineering has been used to create functional alternatives to regenerate bone. This can be achieved by producing bone tissue scaffolds that induce osteoconduction and integration, provide mechanical stability, and either integrate into the bone structure or degrade and are excreted by the body. A range of different biomaterials have been used to this end, each with their own advantages and disadvantages. This review will introduce the requirements of bone tissue engineering, beginning with the regeneration process of bone before exploring the requirements of bone tissue scaffolds. Aspects covered include the manufacturing process as well as the different materials used and the incorporation of bioactive molecules, growth factors and cells.
ISSN:0391-3988
1724-6040
DOI:10.1177/0391398819876286