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Artisan fresh cheese from raw cow's milk as a possible route of transmission in a toxoplasmosis outbreak, in Brazil

Background The objective of this study was to report an outbreak of human toxoplasmosis occurring in the municipality of Montes Claros de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil, from December 2015 to August 2016. Seven acute cases in June 2016 triggered the subsequent search. Methods A total of 251 individuals were s...

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Published in:Zoonoses and public health 2020-03, Vol.67 (2), p.122-129
Main Authors: Costa, Mary Alexandra, Pinto‐Ferreira, Fernanda, Almeida, Robélia Pondé Amorim, Martins, Felippe Danyel Cardoso, Pires, Adriene Lino, Mareze, Marcelle, Mitsuka‐Breganó, Regina, Freire, Roberta Lemos, Moreira, Rosalynd Vinicios, Borges, Juliene Meira, Navarro, Italmar Teodorico
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container_issue 2
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container_title Zoonoses and public health
container_volume 67
creator Costa, Mary Alexandra
Pinto‐Ferreira, Fernanda
Almeida, Robélia Pondé Amorim
Martins, Felippe Danyel Cardoso
Pires, Adriene Lino
Mareze, Marcelle
Mitsuka‐Breganó, Regina
Freire, Roberta Lemos
Moreira, Rosalynd Vinicios
Borges, Juliene Meira
Navarro, Italmar Teodorico
description Background The objective of this study was to report an outbreak of human toxoplasmosis occurring in the municipality of Montes Claros de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil, from December 2015 to August 2016. Seven acute cases in June 2016 triggered the subsequent search. Methods A total of 251 individuals were selected through an active search, of which 114 (45.4%) agreed to participate in the research and blood collection. For serological diagnosis were used enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG and IgM and avidity tests. Results Of the 114 serum samples evaluated, 12.3% (14/114) showed antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, with a profile indicative of acute infection. Samples of artisan fresh cheese, public water, vegetables and irrigation water were collected. Toxoplasma gondii DNA fragments were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction from two samples of artisan fresh cheese and a sample of irrigation water from the vegetable garden. A control case study was carried out, and the variable cow's artisan fresh cheese consumption was statistically significant (p = .01). Conclusions The results showed that cheese analysed and/or irrigated water of vegetable represented an important route of transmission for the disease. This is the first reported outbreak possibly caused by cow's artisan fresh cheese. It is difficult to prove that these routes were the cause of the outbreak; however, the findings allow us to infer that the individuals involved in the outbreak were in contact with these risk factors.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/zph.12660
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Seven acute cases in June 2016 triggered the subsequent search. Methods A total of 251 individuals were selected through an active search, of which 114 (45.4%) agreed to participate in the research and blood collection. For serological diagnosis were used enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG and IgM and avidity tests. Results Of the 114 serum samples evaluated, 12.3% (14/114) showed antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, with a profile indicative of acute infection. Samples of artisan fresh cheese, public water, vegetables and irrigation water were collected. Toxoplasma gondii DNA fragments were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction from two samples of artisan fresh cheese and a sample of irrigation water from the vegetable garden. A control case study was carried out, and the variable cow's artisan fresh cheese consumption was statistically significant (p = .01). Conclusions The results showed that cheese analysed and/or irrigated water of vegetable represented an important route of transmission for the disease. This is the first reported outbreak possibly caused by cow's artisan fresh cheese. It is difficult to prove that these routes were the cause of the outbreak; however, the findings allow us to infer that the individuals involved in the outbreak were in contact with these risk factors.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1863-1959</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1863-2378</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/zph.12660</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31677252</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Germany: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Protozoan - blood ; Antibody Affinity ; Avidity ; Brazil - epidemiology ; Case studies ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases - epidemiology ; Cattle Diseases - parasitology ; Cheese ; Cheese - parasitology ; Cow's milk ; Dairy products ; Disease Outbreaks ; Disease transmission ; DNA ; ELISA ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; epidemiology ; Female ; food ; Food Parasitology ; foodborne disease ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin G - blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulin M - blood ; Irrigation ; Irrigation water ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Milk ; Nucleotide sequence ; Outbreaks ; PCR ; Plant control ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Public waters ; Risk analysis ; Risk factors ; Serum ; Statistical analysis ; Statistical methods ; surveillance ; Toxoplasma - immunology ; Toxoplasma gondii ; Toxoplasmosis ; Toxoplasmosis - epidemiology ; Toxoplasmosis - etiology ; Vegetables ; Young Adult ; Zoonoses</subject><ispartof>Zoonoses and public health, 2020-03, Vol.67 (2), p.122-129</ispartof><rights>2019 Blackwell Verlag GmbH</rights><rights>2019 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 Blackwell Verlag GmbH</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3530-801e864c10d22a64139c34c8bad0473a62d285601364ccb5871786104828c7973</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3530-801e864c10d22a64139c34c8bad0473a62d285601364ccb5871786104828c7973</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0554-0252</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31677252$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Costa, Mary Alexandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pinto‐Ferreira, Fernanda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Almeida, Robélia Pondé Amorim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martins, Felippe Danyel Cardoso</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pires, Adriene Lino</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mareze, Marcelle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mitsuka‐Breganó, Regina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freire, Roberta Lemos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moreira, Rosalynd Vinicios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borges, Juliene Meira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Navarro, Italmar Teodorico</creatorcontrib><title>Artisan fresh cheese from raw cow's milk as a possible route of transmission in a toxoplasmosis outbreak, in Brazil</title><title>Zoonoses and public health</title><addtitle>Zoonoses Public Health</addtitle><description>Background The objective of this study was to report an outbreak of human toxoplasmosis occurring in the municipality of Montes Claros de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil, from December 2015 to August 2016. Seven acute cases in June 2016 triggered the subsequent search. Methods A total of 251 individuals were selected through an active search, of which 114 (45.4%) agreed to participate in the research and blood collection. For serological diagnosis were used enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG and IgM and avidity tests. Results Of the 114 serum samples evaluated, 12.3% (14/114) showed antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, with a profile indicative of acute infection. Samples of artisan fresh cheese, public water, vegetables and irrigation water were collected. Toxoplasma gondii DNA fragments were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction from two samples of artisan fresh cheese and a sample of irrigation water from the vegetable garden. A control case study was carried out, and the variable cow's artisan fresh cheese consumption was statistically significant (p = .01). Conclusions The results showed that cheese analysed and/or irrigated water of vegetable represented an important route of transmission for the disease. This is the first reported outbreak possibly caused by cow's artisan fresh cheese. 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Seven acute cases in June 2016 triggered the subsequent search. Methods A total of 251 individuals were selected through an active search, of which 114 (45.4%) agreed to participate in the research and blood collection. For serological diagnosis were used enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG and IgM and avidity tests. Results Of the 114 serum samples evaluated, 12.3% (14/114) showed antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, with a profile indicative of acute infection. Samples of artisan fresh cheese, public water, vegetables and irrigation water were collected. Toxoplasma gondii DNA fragments were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction from two samples of artisan fresh cheese and a sample of irrigation water from the vegetable garden. A control case study was carried out, and the variable cow's artisan fresh cheese consumption was statistically significant (p = .01). Conclusions The results showed that cheese analysed and/or irrigated water of vegetable represented an important route of transmission for the disease. This is the first reported outbreak possibly caused by cow's artisan fresh cheese. It is difficult to prove that these routes were the cause of the outbreak; however, the findings allow us to infer that the individuals involved in the outbreak were in contact with these risk factors.</abstract><cop>Germany</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>31677252</pmid><doi>10.1111/zph.12660</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0554-0252</orcidid></addata></record>
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ispartof Zoonoses and public health, 2020-03, Vol.67 (2), p.122-129
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source Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection
subjects Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Animals
Antibodies
Antibodies, Protozoan - blood
Antibody Affinity
Avidity
Brazil - epidemiology
Case studies
Cattle
Cattle Diseases - epidemiology
Cattle Diseases - parasitology
Cheese
Cheese - parasitology
Cow's milk
Dairy products
Disease Outbreaks
Disease transmission
DNA
ELISA
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
epidemiology
Female
food
Food Parasitology
foodborne disease
Humans
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin G - blood
Immunoglobulin M
Immunoglobulin M - blood
Irrigation
Irrigation water
Male
Middle Aged
Milk
Nucleotide sequence
Outbreaks
PCR
Plant control
Polymerase chain reaction
Public waters
Risk analysis
Risk factors
Serum
Statistical analysis
Statistical methods
surveillance
Toxoplasma - immunology
Toxoplasma gondii
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis - epidemiology
Toxoplasmosis - etiology
Vegetables
Young Adult
Zoonoses
title Artisan fresh cheese from raw cow's milk as a possible route of transmission in a toxoplasmosis outbreak, in Brazil
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