Characterization of phenolic compounds using UPLC–HRMS and HPLC–DAD and anti-cholinesterase and anti-oxidant activities of Trifolium repens L. leaves

This study was aimed to investigate the phenolic profile of methanolic extract of Trifolium repens L. leaves using LC–HRMS and LC–DAD and its anti--cholinesterase and anti-oxidant activities. The n -Hexane (Tr.Hex), chloroform (Tr.Chf), ethanol (Tr.Et), methanol (Tr.Cme), and aqueous (Tr.Aq) extract...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European food research & technology 2020-03, Vol.246 (3), p.485-496
Main Authors: Ahmad, Sultan, Zeb, Alam, Ayaz, Muhammad, Murkovic, Michael
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetic acid
Agriculture
Analytical Chemistry
Antioxidants
Biotechnology
Caffeoylquinic acid
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Chloroform
Cholinesterase
Ethanol
Food Science
Forestry
Free radicals
Glucosides
High-performance liquid chromatography
Liquid chromatography
n-Hexane
Neurodegenerative diseases
Original Paper
Oxidants
Oxidation
Oxidizing agents
Phenolic compounds
Phenols
Quercetin
Trifolium repens
Tyrosol
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Summary:This study was aimed to investigate the phenolic profile of methanolic extract of Trifolium repens L. leaves using LC–HRMS and LC–DAD and its anti--cholinesterase and anti-oxidant activities. The n -Hexane (Tr.Hex), chloroform (Tr.Chf), ethanol (Tr.Et), methanol (Tr.Cme), and aqueous (Tr.Aq) extracts were tested for anti-cholinesterases and anti-oxidant potentials. Twenty-nine phenolic compounds were quantified and identified. The highest amount present were of tyrosol (11.1 mg/g), quercetin-3-glucuronide (5.36 mg/g), formononetin-7-glucoside (5.03 mg/g), quercetin-3- O -glucoside (4.71 mg/g), 3,4-di- O -caffeoylquinic acid (4.69 mg/g), formononetin-7-glucoside-acetate (4.29 mg/g), quercetin-3- O -glucoside (4.26 mg/g), and formononetin (3.64 mg/g). Tr.Chf and Tr.Et were most active against AChE, BChE, and free radicals. Tr.Chf exhibited IC 50 of 15 and 21 µg/mL against AChE and BChE, respectively. In the anti-oxidant study, Tr.Chf showed IC 50 of 42 and 25 µg/mL against ABTS and DPPH radicals, respectively. The current results of anti-cholinesterase and anti-radical studies on T. repens further signify its potential application in neurodegenerative disorders. Graphic abstract
ISSN:1438-2377
1438-2385
DOI:10.1007/s00217-019-03416-8