Type Ia Supernovae Are Excellent Standard Candles in the Near-infrared

We analyze a set of 89 type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that have both optical and near-infrared (NIR) photometry to derive distances and construct low-redshift (z ≤ 0.04) Hubble diagrams. We construct mean light curve (LC) templates using a hierarchical Bayesian model. We explore both Gaussian process (...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Astrophysical journal 2019-12, Vol.887 (1), p.106
Main Authors: Avelino, Arturo, Friedman, Andrew S., Mandel, Kaisey S., Jones, David O., Challis, Peter J., Kirshner, Robert P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Astrophysics
Color
Cosmic dust
Cosmology
Dark energy
Distance measure
Galaxies
Gaussian process
Hubble Space Telescope
Infrared analysis
Infrared observatories
Infrared photometry
Light curve
Optical observation
Optics
Photometry
Raisins
Red shift
Space telescopes
Supernovae
Systematic errors
Type Ia supernovae
Yield
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Summary:We analyze a set of 89 type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that have both optical and near-infrared (NIR) photometry to derive distances and construct low-redshift (z ≤ 0.04) Hubble diagrams. We construct mean light curve (LC) templates using a hierarchical Bayesian model. We explore both Gaussian process (GP) and template methods for fitting the LCs and estimating distances, while including peculiar-velocity and photometric uncertainties. For the 56 SNe Ia with both optical and NIR observations near maximum light, the GP method yields a NIR-only Hubble-diagram with a root mean square (rms) of mag when referenced to the NIR maxima. For each NIR band, a comparable GP method rms is obtained when referencing to NIR-max or B-max. Using NIR LC templates referenced to B-max yields a larger rms value of mag. Fitting the corresponding optical data using standard LC fitters that use LC shape and color corrections yields larger rms values of 0.179 0.018 mag with SALT2 and mag with SNooPy. Applying our GP method to subsets of SNe Ia NIR LCs at NIR maximum light, even without corrections for LC shape, color, or host-galaxy dust reddening, provides smaller rms in the inferred distances, at the ∼2.3-4.1 level, than standard optical methods that correct for those effects. Our ongoing RAISIN program on the Hubble Space Telescope will exploit this promising infrared approach to limit systematic errors when measuring the expansion history of the universe in order to constrain dark energy.
ISSN:0004-637X
1538-4357
DOI:10.3847/1538-4357/ab2a16