Trends in cyclones in the high‐latitude North Atlantic during 1979–2016

We report an increase in winter (DJF) cyclone densities in the areas around Svalbard and in northwestern Barents Sea and a decrease in cyclone densities in southeastern Barents Sea during 1979–2016. Despite high interannual variability, the trends are significant at the 90% confidence level. The cha...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 2020-01, Vol.146 (727), p.762-779
Main Authors: Wickström, S., Jonassen, M. O., Vihma, T., Uotila, P.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arctic
Barents Sea
Baroclinic mode
Brunt-Vaisala frequency
Cyclones
Cyclonic activity
Eady growth rate
extratropical cyclones
Growth rate
Interannual variability
Latitude
Scandinavian pattern
sea ice decline
storm tracks
Storms
Svalbard
Trends
Winter
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Summary:We report an increase in winter (DJF) cyclone densities in the areas around Svalbard and in northwestern Barents Sea and a decrease in cyclone densities in southeastern Barents Sea during 1979–2016. Despite high interannual variability, the trends are significant at the 90% confidence level. The changes appear as a result of a shift into a more meridional winter storm track in the high‐latitude North Atlantic, associated with a positive trend in the Scandinavian Pattern. A significant decrease in the Brunt–Väisälä frequency east of Svalbard and a significant increase in the Eady Growth Rate north of Svalbard indicate increased baroclinicity, favouring enhanced cyclone activity in these regions. For the first time, we apply composite analysis to explicitly address regional consequences of these wintertime changes in the high‐latitude North Atlantic. We find a tendency toward a warmer and more moist atmospheric state in the Barents Sea and over Svalbard with increased cyclone activity around Svalbard. Cyclone activity in the high‐latitude North Atlantic is essential for poleward heat transport. Winter cyclone activity has gone up significantly (p 
ISSN:0035-9009
1477-870X
DOI:10.1002/qj.3707