Isolation and molecular identification of free-living amoebae (Naegleria spp., Acanthamoeba spp. and Vermamoeba spp.) from mineral springs in Guilan Province, northern Iran

Free-living amoebae (FLA) include many genera which cause serious diseases such as sight-threatening keratitis, cutaneous ulcers and fatal encephalitis. This study was conducted due to the lack of research regarding genotypes Acanthamoeba, Naegleria and Vermamoeba in mineral springs of Guilan Provin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of water and health 2020-02, Vol.18 (1), p.60-66
Main Authors: Feiz Haddad, Mohammad Hossein, Habibpour, Habib, Mahmoudi, Mohammad Reza
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acanthamoeba
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Amoeba
Cellulose esters
Cellulose nitrate
Cloning
Cysts
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Diseases
DNA
Encephalitis
Environmental Monitoring
Genotype & phenotype
Genotypes
Identification
Iran
Keratitis
Mineral springs
Minerals
Morphology
Naegleria
Natural Springs - parasitology
Nucleotide sequence
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction
Ulcers
Water analysis
Water Pollution
Water purification
Water sampling
Water springs
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Summary:Free-living amoebae (FLA) include many genera which cause serious diseases such as sight-threatening keratitis, cutaneous ulcers and fatal encephalitis. This study was conducted due to the lack of research regarding genotypes Acanthamoeba, Naegleria and Vermamoeba in mineral springs of Guilan Province in northern Iran. Twenty-five water samples were collected from mineral springs in Guilan Province. After filtration through nitrocellulose membrane, samples were cultured on non-nutrient agar plates. The morphological key of Page was used to identify free-living amoebae (FLA) using an inverted microscope. Positive cultures were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotypes based on the NCBI database. Eleven (44%) samples were positive for Acanthamoeba, Naegleria and Vermamoeba. By sequencing the positive isolates, the strains were shown to belong to Acanthamoeba castellanii (three case isolates belonged to T4 genotype), three cases of Vermamoeba vermiformis, and two cases of N. australiensis, two cases of N. pagei and one case of N. gruberi. According to our research the occurrence of Acanthamoeba, Naegleria spp. and Vermamoeba spp. in mineral springs could be hazardous for high risk persons. Regular monitoring and posting warning signs of these waters by health planners could prevent free-living amoebae mediated diseases.
ISSN:1477-8920
1996-7829
DOI:10.2166/wh.2020.191