Upconverting tri-doped calcium fluoride-based thin films: a comparison of the MOCVD and sol-gel preparation methods

Starting from fluorinated metal-organic β-diketonates, we report the synthesis of undoped and lanthanide-doped alkaline-earth fluoride (Er 3+ ,Tm 3+ ,Yb 3+ tri-doped CaF 2 ) thin films through two different chemical approaches: a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method and a combined...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices Materials for optical and electronic devices, 2020-01, Vol.8 (11), p.3865-3877
Main Authors: Pellegrino, Anna L, La Manna, Salvatore, Bartasyte, Ausrine, Cortelletti, Paolo, Lucchini, Giacomo, Speghini, Adolfo, Malandrino, Graziella
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Calcium fluoride
Emission analysis
Erbium
Field emission microscopy
Fluorides
Fluorination
Infrared lasers
Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
Optimization
Organic chemicals
Organic chemistry
Process parameters
Sol-gel processes
Spin coating
Thin films
Upconversion
X ray analysis
Ytterbium
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Summary:Starting from fluorinated metal-organic β-diketonates, we report the synthesis of undoped and lanthanide-doped alkaline-earth fluoride (Er 3+ ,Tm 3+ ,Yb 3+ tri-doped CaF 2 ) thin films through two different chemical approaches: a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method and a combined sol-gel/spin-coating procedure. Both chemical approaches have the advantage of being very reliable and reproducible for the fast production of thin films with a high degree of uniformity over large areas. The fluorinated metal precursors act as a single-source in both processes, and an accurate control of the process parameters allows the optimization of the doped CaF 2 films. X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis have been used to characterize the deposited films. Upconversion emission, typical of the lanthanide ions, in the visible and near infrared regions upon laser excitation at 980 nm is clearly observable. The emissions are in the central region of the CIE1931 color coordinate space. Chemical approaches, either through vapor or solution routes, are applied to the preparation of tri-doped CaF 2 -based films for upconversion applications.
ISSN:2050-7526
2050-7534
DOI:10.1039/c9tc06350a