Ferrofluid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using a deep eutectic solvent as a support: applications in the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in grilled meats

• Published in: Analytical methods 2020-03, Vol.12 (11), p.1522-1531
• Main Authors: Jouyban, Abolghasem, Farajzadeh, Mir Ali, Afshar Mogaddam, Mohammad Reza, Nemati, Mahboob, Alizadeh Nabil, Ali Akbar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetonitrile; Dispersion; Ferrofluids; Fluoranthene; Fluorene; Gas chromatography; Iron oxides; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Meat; Menthol; Microwave radiation; Microwaves; n-Hexane; Phosphocholine; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Pyrene; Sodium chloride; Sodium hydroxide; Sodium sulfate
• ISSN: 1759-9660; 1759-9679
• DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00073f

An ultrasonic-assisted ferrofluid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure combined with microwave-assisted counter current extraction has been used for the extraction of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from grilled meat samples. In this method, a mixture of acetonitrile and sodium hydroxide solutions was added to the sample and the mixture was exposed to microwave radiation. Then, the mixture was passed through a barrel filled with sodium sulfate and the separated acetonitrile was mixed with an Fe 3 O 4 @TEOS-phosphocholine : menthol : decanoic acid ferrofluid. The mixture was rapidly dispersed in a sodium chloride solution (4%, w/v) and sonicated. The ferrofluid was discarded from the solution by an external magnet. Finally, the analytes were extracted into n -hexane and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The validation parameters showed that the method has low limits of detection (in the range of 29-82 ng kg −1 ) and quantification (in the range of 97-277 ng kg −1 ), good extraction recoveries (73-92%), and high enrichment factors (730-920). Relative standard deviations less than 10% were obtained for intra- ( n = 6) and inter-day ( n = 6) precisions. Finally, 10 different grilled meat samples were successfully analyzed and fluoranthene, pyrene, and fluorene were found in most samples. An ultrasonic-assisted ferrofluid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure combined with microwave-assisted counter current extraction has been used for the extraction of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from grilled meat samples.