VLF Transmitters and Lightning‐Generated Whistlers: 1. Modeling Waves From Source to Space

Waves from nine major ground‐based very low frequency (VLF) transmitters are modeled from their sources to 660 km altitude with a full‐wave code, which reliably treats transionospheric attenuation, and then ray‐and‐power traced throughout the plasmasphere. Lightning‐generated whistlers, previously m...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of geophysical research. Space physics 2020-03, Vol.125 (3)
Main Authors: Starks, M. J., Albert, J. M., Ling, A. G., O'Malley, S., Quinn, R. A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Altitude
Empirical models
Lightning
Magnetic fields
Plasmasphere
Plasmaspheric density
Radiation
Radiation belt electrons
Radiation belts
Resonant interactions
Transmitters
Very Low Frequencies
Wave attenuation
Whistlers
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Summary:Waves from nine major ground‐based very low frequency (VLF) transmitters are modeled from their sources to 660 km altitude with a full‐wave code, which reliably treats transionospheric attenuation, and then ray‐and‐power traced throughout the plasmasphere. Lightning‐generated whistlers, previously modeled at 660 km altitude, are ray‐and‐power traced throughout the plasmasphere as well. The resulting profiles of electric and magnetic fields, including wave normal angles, are organized by value. Two versions of a realistic plasmaspheric density model are used, and ducted as well as nonducted propagation are treated. Results are compared to empirical models based on near‐equatorial measurements by Van Allen Probes. A companion paper will evaluate resonant interactions of these waves with radiation belt electrons. Waves from VLF transmitters and lightning are modeled from their sources to the plasmasphere Results are compared to empirical models based on near‐equatorial measurements by Van Allen Probes A companion paper evaluates their resonant interactions with radiation belt electrons
ISSN:2169-9380
2169-9402
DOI:10.1029/2019JA027029