Comparing passive dosing and solvent spiking methods to determine the acute toxic effect of pentachlorophenol on Daphnia magna

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a widespread and persistent hydrophobic organic pollutant in the environment despite its restricted public use. Risk assessment of such hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) is challenging because sorption and volatilization issues during toxicity test often lead to inconsi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ecotoxicology (London) 2020-04, Vol.29 (3), p.286-294
Main Authors: Kwon, Hyun-ah, Jeong, Yoonah, Jeon, Hyun Pyo, Kim, Sanghun
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acute toxicity
Animals
Daphnia - physiology
Daphnia magna
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecology
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Management
Environmental Pollutants
Freshwater crustaceans
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Hydrophobicity
Methods
O ring seals
Organic compounds
Pentachlorophenol
Pentachlorophenol - toxicity
Pollutants
Risk Assessment
Silicones
Solvents
Spiking
Toxicity
Toxicity testing
Toxicity tests
Toxicity Tests, Acute
Volatilization
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
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Summary:Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a widespread and persistent hydrophobic organic pollutant in the environment despite its restricted public use. Risk assessment of such hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) is challenging because sorption and volatilization issues during toxicity test often lead to inconsistent exposure concentration. Considering the hydrophobicity of the PCP, in this study, a passive dosing format was applied by adopting a silicone O-ring as a reservoir and evaluated its applicability on the determination of PCP on Daphnia magna . Results obtained with passive dosing method were compared with that of solvent spiking method. We hypothesized that the passive dosing method may provide more reliable and accurate toxicity results than conventional solvent spiking approach. As a result, the partition coefficient of PCP between methanol and a test medium (log K MeOH:ISO ) was 2.1, which enabled the maintenance of reliable exposure concentration throughout the experiment. In the acute toxicity tests, passive dosing and solvent spiking showed similar EC50 values of 576 and 485 µg/L for 24 h, and 362 and 374 µg/L for 48 h, respectively, which overlap with EC50 values of previous studies. Altogether, both methods were suitable for the acute toxicity assessment of hydrophobic PCP.
ISSN:0963-9292
1573-3017
DOI:10.1007/s10646-020-02172-w