Petrogenesis and Age of Rocks from the Lower Zone of the Monchetundra Mafic Platinum-Bearing Massif, Kola Peninsula

• Published in: Petrology 2020-03, Vol.28 (2), p.151-182
• Main Authors: Chashchin, V. V., Bayanova, T. B., Savchenko, Ye. E., Kiseleva, D. V., Serov, P. A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Aluminium; Aluminum; Anorthosite; Chemical composition; Crystallization; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Gabbro; Geochemistry; Geochronology; Intrusion; Isotopes; Magma; Magnesium; Massifs; Mineralogy; Minerals; Niobium; Parameters; Petrogenesis; Platinum; Plutons; Rare earth elements; Rock; Rocks; Silica; Silicon dioxide; Systematics; Tantalum; Titanium; Zircon
• ISSN: 0869-5911; 1556-2085
• DOI: 10.1134/S0869591120020022

The paper presents results of comprehensive studies of the rock association composing the lower zone of the northeastern part of the Monchetundra mafic massif in the Monchegorsk ore district. The zone consists of orthopyroxenite, plagioorthopyroxenite, and norite, which are variably amphibolized and host numerous gabbroid injections from the upper zone of the massif. The chemical composition of the dominant rock-forming minerals of the rocks was studied. The orthopyroxenes of the lower zone of the Monchetundra massif (LZMM) notably differs from those of the Monchegorsk pluton (Monchepluton) in containing lower aluminum concentrations because of differences in the P–T parameters of their crystallization. According to mineral geothermobarometric data, the LZMM rocks crystallized at 1200–1000°C and approximately 6 kbar, at a depth of about 20 km, whereas the Monchepluton rocks crystallized at an average temperature of 1230°C and a pressure of 3 kbar in shallow conditions. The LZMM rocks are characterized by moderate magnesium and silica contents and by elevated iron and low titanium concentrations, are enriched in the light rare earth elements (LREE) and LILE (Rb, Ba, and Sr) but are depleted by HFSE (Nb and Ta). The behavior of major components in the rocks is similar to that in analogous rocks in the bottom axial part of the Monchetundra massif, lying at its basement. Moreover, all petro- and geochemical parameters of the LZMM rocks are close to those of the analogical rocks of the Monchepluton. The paper presents new U–Pb isotope-geochronological data on individual zircon grains from the LZMM rocks. The age of the orthopyroxenite is 2496.3 ± 2.7 Ma, and that of the norite is 2500 ± 2 Ma, which indicates that these rocks crystallized simultaneously (within the error). The orthopyroxenite has an age of 2452 ± 85 Ma and positive ε Nd (T) = +1.7, and the model age of the protolith T(DM) is 2.76 Ga according to data on the Sm–Nd of isotopic systematics. The possible parental melt of the rocks may have been komatiite contaminated with crustal material. The obtained results indicate that the Monchetundra massif is a composite intrusion, whose lower zone is similar to the layered intrusions and the upper one is made up of rocks belonging to the gabbro–anorthosite complex. The massif was formed by at least three pulses of magmatic activity (at 2.50, 2.47, and 2.45 Ga).