Translesion DNA Synthesis and Carcinogenesis

Tens of thousands of DNA lesions are formed in mammalian cells each day. DNA translesion synthesis is the main mechanism of cell defense against unrepaired DNA lesions. DNA polymerases iota (Pol ι), eta (Pol η), kappa (Pol κ), and zeta (Pol ζ) have active sites that are less stringent toward the DNA...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biochemistry (Moscow) 2020-04, Vol.85 (4), p.425-435
Main Authors: Shilkin, E. S., Boldinova, E. O., Stolyarenko, A. D., Goncharova, R. I., Chuprov-Netochin, R. N., Khairullin, R. F., Smal, M. P., Makarova, A. V.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analysis
Animals
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Bioorganic Chemistry
Carcinogenesis
Carcinogens
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA biosynthesis
DNA Damage
DNA Repair
DNA Replication
DNA structure
DNA synthesis
DNA-directed DNA polymerase
DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase - metabolism
Genetic aspects
Health risks
Humans
Lesions
Life Sciences
Mammalian cells
Methods
Microbiology
Mutation
Neoplasms - genetics
Neoplasms - metabolism
Neoplasms - pathology
Nucleotides
Review
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Summary:Tens of thousands of DNA lesions are formed in mammalian cells each day. DNA translesion synthesis is the main mechanism of cell defense against unrepaired DNA lesions. DNA polymerases iota (Pol ι), eta (Pol η), kappa (Pol κ), and zeta (Pol ζ) have active sites that are less stringent toward the DNA template structure and efficiently incorporate nucleotides opposite DNA lesions. However, these polymerases display low accuracy of DNA synthesis and can introduce mutations in genomic DNA. Impaired functioning of these enzymes can lead to an increased risk of cancer.
ISSN:0006-2979
1608-3040
DOI:10.1134/S0006297920040033