Evolution of Pre- and Postconvective Environmental Profiles from Mesoscale Convective Systems during PECAN

• Published in: Monthly weather review 2019-07, Vol.147 (7), p.2329-2354
• Main Authors: Hitchcock, Stacey M., Schumacher, Russ S., Herman, Gregory R., Coniglio, Michael C., Parker, Matthew D., Ziegler, Conrad L.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Advection; Arrays; Boundary layer stability; Boundary layers; Cluster analysis; Cold pools; Convection; Cooling; Equivalence; Equivalent potential temperature; Gravitational waves; Instability; Instruments; Levels; Mesoscale convective complexes; Mesoscale convective systems; Moisture content; Perturbation; Planetary boundary layer; Potential temperature; Profiles; Radiosonde soundings; Radiosondes; Rain; Sounding; Stability; Sunset; Temperature; Vertical profiles; Water content; Winds
• ISSN: 0027-0644; 1520-0493
• DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-18-0231.1

During the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field campaign, 15 mesoscale convective system (MCS) environments were sampled by an array of instruments including radiosondes launched by three mobile sounding teams. Additional soundings were collected by fixed and mobile PECAN integrated sounding array (PISA) groups for a number of cases. Cluster analysis of observed vertical profiles established three primary preconvective categories: 1) those with an elevated maximum in equivalent potential temperature below a layer of potential instability; 2) those that maintain a daytime-like planetary boundary layer (PBL) and nearly potentially neutral low levels, sometimes even well after sunset despite the existence of a southerly low-level wind maximum; and 3) those that are potentially neutral at low levels, but have very weak or no southerly low-level winds. Profiles of equivalent potential temperature in elevated instability cases tend to evolve rapidly in time, while cases in the potentially neutral categories do not. Analysis of composite Rapid Refresh (RAP) environments indicate greater moisture content and moisture advection in an elevated layer in the elevated instability cases than in their potentially neutral counterparts. Postconvective soundings demonstrate significantly more variability, but cold pools were observed in nearly every PECAN MCS case. Following convection, perturbations range between −1.9 and −9.1 K over depths between 150 m and 4.35 km, but stronger, deeper stable layers lead to structures where the largest cold pool temperature perturbation is observed above the surface.