Acetaldehyde-induced oxidative modifications and morphological changes in isolated human erythrocytes: an in vitro study

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2020-05, Vol.27 (14), p.16268-16281
• Main Authors: Waris, Sana, Patel, Ayyub, Ali, Asif, Mahmood, Riaz
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetaldehyde; Acids; Adenosine triphosphatase; Alcoholism; Antioxidants; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Biochemistry; Carcinogens; Dehydrogenases; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Erythrocytes; Glucose; Glutathione; Hemoglobin; Intracellular; Laboratories; Life span; Lipids; Macromolecules; Metabolism; Metabolites; Methemoglobin; Morphology; Oxidation; Oxidative stress; Potassium; Proteins; Reactive nitrogen species; Reactive oxygen species; Reductase; Reductases; Research Article; Senescence; Smoking; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08044-4

Acetaldehyde is a toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolite of alcohol which can bind to proteins, DNA and several other cellular macromolecules. Chronic alcohol consumption increases intracellular acetaldehyde levels which enhances the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). In this study, we have examined the effect of acetaldehyde on human erythrocytes under in vitro conditions. Treatment of human erythrocytes with different concentrations of acetaldehyde (0.05–2 mM) for 24 h at 37 °C increased intracellular generation of ROS and RNS. It also increased oxidation of proteins and lipids but decreased glutathione, total sulphhydryl and free amino group content. Methemoglobin level was increased accompanied by a decrease in methemoglobin reductase activity. Acetaldehyde impaired the antioxidant defence system and lowered the total antioxidant capacity of the cell. It decreased the activity of metabolic and membrane-bound enzymes and altered erythrocyte morphology. Our results show that acetaldehyde enhances the generation of ROS and RNS that results in oxidative modification of cellular components. This will lower the oxygen transporting ability of blood and shorten erythrocyte lifespan (red cell senescence).