In vitro assessment of cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory properties of shilajit nutraceutical: A preliminary study

• Published in: Journal of interdisciplinary dentistry 2020-01, Vol.10 (1), p.24-28
• Main Authors: Ezhilarasi, S, Kothandaraman, Rajkumar, Ravikumar Nesamani, Balasubramanian, Saravanakarthikeyan, Sekar Mahalaxmi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anti-inflammatory agents; Antioxidants; Ayurvedic medicine; Cell lines; Cell viability; Centrifugation; Cytokines; Cytotoxicity; Dentistry; Diclofenac; Dietary supplements; Drug dosages; Enzymes; Fibroblasts; Inflammation; Metabolites; Neutrophils; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Protein denaturation; Proteins; Sodium; Statistical analysis
• ISSN: 2229-5194; 2231-2706
• DOI: 10.4103/jid.jid_2_20

Background: Shilajit is a nutraceutical exudate found mainly in the Indian Himalayas, which is formed for centuries by the gradual decomposition of certain plants due to microbial action. It has been effectively used as a potent and safe dietary supplement, restoring the energetic balance and potentially able to prevent several diseases. Hence, the aim of the present preliminary in vitro study is to assess the cytotoxicity of shilajit extract and to comparatively evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of shilajit and diclofenac sodium, a commonly used drug. Materials and Methodology: Shilajit was commercially procured in pure powder form which was dissolved in 10 ml of methanol and boiled for 80 min, followed by centrifugation (2500 rpm) for 10 min. The supernatant fluid thus obtained was used as an experimental solution. 25-mg diclofenac sodium was used as a control drug. The cytotoxicity of shilajit extract was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, whereas the anti-inflammatory property of the test groups was comparatively evaluated using protein denaturation assay. Results: As the dilution of the extracts increased, the amount of cell viability was also increased, thereby showing that the diluted shilajit extract concentrations proved to be least cytotoxic. Different percentages of shilajit exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation. Although shilajit extract exerted marginally better anti-inflammatory effect than diclofenac sodium, the effect being dose dependent; the protein inhibition values were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro preliminary study, it can be concluded that: (i) shilajit extract was found to be nontoxic when tested on L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines and (ii) the anti-inflammatory effect of shilajit was comparable to that of diclofenac sodium. Hence, this nutraceutical can be a viable alternative to conventional anti-inflammatory drugs in the field of medicine and dentistry.