Topical Toxicity Profiles of Some Aliphatic and Aromatic Essential Oil Components Against Insecticide-Susceptible and Resistant Strains of German Cockroach (Blattodea: Ectobiidae)

Toxicity profiles of four aliphatic (α-pinene, cyclononanone, limonene, nerolidol), four aromatic (β-thujaplicin, carvacrol, eugenol, tropolone) essential oil components (EOCs), and permethrin were investigated against three strains of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). The strains include...

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Published in:Journal of economic entomology 2020-04, Vol.113 (2), p.896-904
Main Authors: Oladipupo, S. O, Hu, X. P, Appel, A. G
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal behavior
Bioassays
Blattaria
Blattella germanica
Carvacrol
Cockroaches
Essential oils
Eugenol
HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS
Insecticides
Limonene
Molecular weight
Nerolidol
Oils & fats
Permethrin
Piperonyl butoxide
plant metabolite
Synergism
topical application
Toxicity
Vapor pressure
α-Pinene
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description Toxicity profiles of four aliphatic (α-pinene, cyclononanone, limonene, nerolidol), four aromatic (β-thujaplicin, carvacrol, eugenol, tropolone) essential oil components (EOCs), and permethrin were investigated against three strains of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). The strains include a susceptible strain (S), and two multi-resistant strains – strains D and E. Also, a synergism bioassay, using piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was conducted.The most toxic EOCs were aromatic EOCs carvacrol, eugenol, and tropolone, followed by aliphatic EOC limonene; all had LD50 values of
doi_str_mv 10.1093/jee/toz323
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O ; Hu, X. P ; Appel, A. G</creator><contributor>Phillips, Thomas</contributor><creatorcontrib>Oladipupo, S. O ; Hu, X. P ; Appel, A. G ; Phillips, Thomas</creatorcontrib><description>Toxicity profiles of four aliphatic (α-pinene, cyclononanone, limonene, nerolidol), four aromatic (β-thujaplicin, carvacrol, eugenol, tropolone) essential oil components (EOCs), and permethrin were investigated against three strains of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). The strains include a susceptible strain (S), and two multi-resistant strains – strains D and E. Also, a synergism bioassay, using piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was conducted.The most toxic EOCs were aromatic EOCs carvacrol, eugenol, and tropolone, followed by aliphatic EOC limonene; all had LD50 values of &lt;0.7 mg/µl. Four of the EOCs were equally toxic against all the strains, with carvacrol being the most toxic, followed by eugenol, tropolone, and α–pinene.The other four EOCs were more toxic against strain S than against the two resistant strains. Permethrin was significantly more toxic to strain S (LD50 = 0.056 µg/µl) compared with the resistant strains (D = 2.138 µg/µl, E = 1.730 µg/µl).Toxicity of aliphatic EOCs correlated positively with their molecular weight against strain E only, whereas both molecular weight and vapor pressure of aromatic EOCs correlated significantly with toxicity in all strains. Strain D exhibited the greatest resistance (RR of 6.7) to EOCs, and synergism to the aliphatic EOC cyclononanone. Clear synergism with PBO was observed in permethrin against resistant strains, but not in all of the EOCs, suggesting multiple resistance mechanisms in the resistant cockroaches.These findings give insight on the potential of EOCs to be incorporated as parts of an IPM approach to managing insecticide resistant German cockroaches.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0493</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-291X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz323</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31820778</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Entomological Society of America</publisher><subject>Animal behavior ; Bioassays ; Blattaria ; Blattella germanica ; Carvacrol ; Cockroaches ; Essential oils ; Eugenol ; HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS ; Insecticides ; Limonene ; Molecular weight ; Nerolidol ; Oils &amp; fats ; Permethrin ; Piperonyl butoxide ; plant metabolite ; Synergism ; topical application ; Toxicity ; Vapor pressure ; α-Pinene</subject><ispartof>Journal of economic entomology, 2020-04, Vol.113 (2), p.896-904</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. journals.permissions@oup.com</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. 2019</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. 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G</creatorcontrib><title>Topical Toxicity Profiles of Some Aliphatic and Aromatic Essential Oil Components Against Insecticide-Susceptible and Resistant Strains of German Cockroach (Blattodea: Ectobiidae)</title><title>Journal of economic entomology</title><addtitle>J Econ Entomol</addtitle><description>Toxicity profiles of four aliphatic (α-pinene, cyclononanone, limonene, nerolidol), four aromatic (β-thujaplicin, carvacrol, eugenol, tropolone) essential oil components (EOCs), and permethrin were investigated against three strains of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). The strains include a susceptible strain (S), and two multi-resistant strains – strains D and E. Also, a synergism bioassay, using piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was conducted.The most toxic EOCs were aromatic EOCs carvacrol, eugenol, and tropolone, followed by aliphatic EOC limonene; all had LD50 values of &lt;0.7 mg/µl. Four of the EOCs were equally toxic against all the strains, with carvacrol being the most toxic, followed by eugenol, tropolone, and α–pinene.The other four EOCs were more toxic against strain S than against the two resistant strains. Permethrin was significantly more toxic to strain S (LD50 = 0.056 µg/µl) compared with the resistant strains (D = 2.138 µg/µl, E = 1.730 µg/µl).Toxicity of aliphatic EOCs correlated positively with their molecular weight against strain E only, whereas both molecular weight and vapor pressure of aromatic EOCs correlated significantly with toxicity in all strains. Strain D exhibited the greatest resistance (RR of 6.7) to EOCs, and synergism to the aliphatic EOC cyclononanone. Clear synergism with PBO was observed in permethrin against resistant strains, but not in all of the EOCs, suggesting multiple resistance mechanisms in the resistant cockroaches.These findings give insight on the potential of EOCs to be incorporated as parts of an IPM approach to managing insecticide resistant German cockroaches.</description><subject>Animal behavior</subject><subject>Bioassays</subject><subject>Blattaria</subject><subject>Blattella germanica</subject><subject>Carvacrol</subject><subject>Cockroaches</subject><subject>Essential oils</subject><subject>Eugenol</subject><subject>HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS</subject><subject>Insecticides</subject><subject>Limonene</subject><subject>Molecular weight</subject><subject>Nerolidol</subject><subject>Oils &amp; fats</subject><subject>Permethrin</subject><subject>Piperonyl butoxide</subject><subject>plant metabolite</subject><subject>Synergism</subject><subject>topical application</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Vapor pressure</subject><subject>α-Pinene</subject><issn>0022-0493</issn><issn>1938-291X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp90ctq3DAUBmBRGppp0k0eoAhKIS040c0zdnfTYZoEAgmdWWRndDlqNLUtV5Kh6Wv1BauJ0yyzEkd8-g_oR-iEkjNKan6-AzhP_g9n_BWa0ZpXBavp3Ws0I4SxgoiaH6K3Me4IoXNGyRt0yGnFyGJRzdDfrR-cli3e-t9Ou_SAb4O3roWIvcUb3wFetm64l8lpLHuDl8F3j8M6RuiTy09vXItXvht8ny8iXv6Qro8JX_URdJbOQLEZo4YhOdXCY8p3iC4m2Se8SWHP99suIHSyz1H6Z_BS3-PTr61MyRuQX_BaJ6-cMxI-HaMDK9sI757OI7T9tt6uLovrm4ur1fK6UIKKVFRUzSvDgBohSmBMKmElJcSUOo9WCmHYgkjOrTDa8rqyjJValeWCE6EEP0Ifptgh-F8jxNTs_Bj6vLFhgghB52VVZ_V5Ujr4GAPYZgiuk-GhoaTZ19PkepqpnozfP0WOqgPzTP_3kcHHCfhxeDnodHLK-fztL9F_18KpTA</recordid><startdate>20200406</startdate><enddate>20200406</enddate><creator>Oladipupo, S. 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O</au><au>Hu, X. P</au><au>Appel, A. G</au><au>Phillips, Thomas</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Topical Toxicity Profiles of Some Aliphatic and Aromatic Essential Oil Components Against Insecticide-Susceptible and Resistant Strains of German Cockroach (Blattodea: Ectobiidae)</atitle><jtitle>Journal of economic entomology</jtitle><addtitle>J Econ Entomol</addtitle><date>2020-04-06</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>113</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>896</spage><epage>904</epage><pages>896-904</pages><issn>0022-0493</issn><eissn>1938-291X</eissn><abstract>Toxicity profiles of four aliphatic (α-pinene, cyclononanone, limonene, nerolidol), four aromatic (β-thujaplicin, carvacrol, eugenol, tropolone) essential oil components (EOCs), and permethrin were investigated against three strains of German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). The strains include a susceptible strain (S), and two multi-resistant strains – strains D and E. Also, a synergism bioassay, using piperonyl butoxide (PBO) was conducted.The most toxic EOCs were aromatic EOCs carvacrol, eugenol, and tropolone, followed by aliphatic EOC limonene; all had LD50 values of &lt;0.7 mg/µl. Four of the EOCs were equally toxic against all the strains, with carvacrol being the most toxic, followed by eugenol, tropolone, and α–pinene.The other four EOCs were more toxic against strain S than against the two resistant strains. Permethrin was significantly more toxic to strain S (LD50 = 0.056 µg/µl) compared with the resistant strains (D = 2.138 µg/µl, E = 1.730 µg/µl).Toxicity of aliphatic EOCs correlated positively with their molecular weight against strain E only, whereas both molecular weight and vapor pressure of aromatic EOCs correlated significantly with toxicity in all strains. Strain D exhibited the greatest resistance (RR of 6.7) to EOCs, and synergism to the aliphatic EOC cyclononanone. Clear synergism with PBO was observed in permethrin against resistant strains, but not in all of the EOCs, suggesting multiple resistance mechanisms in the resistant cockroaches.These findings give insight on the potential of EOCs to be incorporated as parts of an IPM approach to managing insecticide resistant German cockroaches.</abstract><cop>US</cop><pub>Entomological Society of America</pub><pmid>31820778</pmid><doi>10.1093/jee/toz323</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8312-7012</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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source Oxford Journals Online
subjects Animal behavior
Bioassays
Blattaria
Blattella germanica
Carvacrol
Cockroaches
Essential oils
Eugenol
HOUSEHOLD AND STRUCTURAL INSECTS
Insecticides
Limonene
Molecular weight
Nerolidol
Oils & fats
Permethrin
Piperonyl butoxide
plant metabolite
Synergism
topical application
Toxicity
Vapor pressure
α-Pinene
title Topical Toxicity Profiles of Some Aliphatic and Aromatic Essential Oil Components Against Insecticide-Susceptible and Resistant Strains of German Cockroach (Blattodea: Ectobiidae)
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