Current status of cell-based therapies for respiratory virus infections: applicability to COVID-19

The severe respiratory consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have prompted urgent need for novel therapies. Cell-based approaches, primarily using mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs), have demonstrated safety and possible efficacy in patients with acute respiratory dis...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:European Respiratory Journal 2020-06, Vol.55 (6), p.2000858
Main Authors: Khoury, Maroun, Cuenca, Jimena, Cruz, Fernanda F, Figueroa, Fernando E, Rocco, Patricia R M, Weiss, Daniel J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
Animals
Betacoronavirus
Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
Coronavirus Infections - therapy
COVID-19
Culture Media, Conditioned
Extracellular Vesicles - transplantation
Humans
Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype
Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype
Influenza, Human - therapy
Lung Injury - therapy
Lung Injury - virology
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation - methods
Mesenchymal Stem Cells - metabolism
Orthomyxoviridae Infections - therapy
Pandemics
Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A - metabolism
Pneumonia, Viral - therapy
Respiratory Distress Syndrome - therapy
Reviews
SARS-CoV-2
Serine Endopeptidases - metabolism
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Summary:The severe respiratory consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have prompted urgent need for novel therapies. Cell-based approaches, primarily using mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs), have demonstrated safety and possible efficacy in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), although they are not yet well studied in respiratory virus-induced ARDS. Limited pre-clinical data suggest that systemic MSC administration can significantly reduce respiratory virus (influenza strains H5N1 and H9N2)-induced lung injury; however, there are no available data in models of coronavirus respiratory infection.There is a rapidly increasing number of clinical investigations of cell-based therapy approaches for COVID-19. These utilise a range of different cell sources, doses, dosing strategies and targeted patient populations. To provide a rational strategy to maximise potential therapeutic use, it is critically important to understand the relevant pre-clinical studies and postulated mechanisms of MSC actions in respiratory virus-induced lung injuries. This review presents these, along with consideration of current clinical investigations.
ISSN:0903-1936
1399-3003
DOI:10.1183/13993003.00858-2020