Hypersonic flow over spherically blunted double cones

A hypersonic shock wave/laminar boundary-layer interaction over a canonical $25{-}55^{\circ }$ double-cone configuration is numerically investigated. A moderate-enthalpy flow of $5~\text{MJ}~\text{kg}^{-1}$ with a Mach number of 9.87 and a unit Reynolds number of $1.5\times 10^{5}~\text{m}^{-1}$ is...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of fluid mechanics 2020-08, Vol.896, Article A26
Main Authors: Hao, Jiaao, Wen, Chih-Yung
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aerodynamics
Boundary layer interaction
Computational fluid dynamics
Computer simulation
Cones
Decks
Energy
Enthalpy
Equilibrium
Experiments
Fluid flow
Heat flux
Heat transfer
Hypersonic flow
Hypersonic shock
Impingement
Mach number
Nose
Pressure
Pressure gradients
Reynolds number
Separation
Shock waves
Simulation
Skin
Skin friction
Studies
Upstream
Vortices
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Summary:A hypersonic shock wave/laminar boundary-layer interaction over a canonical $25{-}55^{\circ }$ double-cone configuration is numerically investigated. A moderate-enthalpy flow of $5~\text{MJ}~\text{kg}^{-1}$ with a Mach number of 9.87 and a unit Reynolds number of $1.5\times 10^{5}~\text{m}^{-1}$ is considered. Special emphasis is given to the influence of leading-edge bluntness. The results indicate that the double-cone flow is insensitive to small bluntness in terms of shock structures, separation region sizes and surface pressure and heat flux distributions. A critical nose radius is observed, beyond which the separation bubble grows dramatically. The numerical data are analysed and interpreted based on a triple-deck formulation. It is shown that the sudden change in flow features is mainly caused by pressure overexpansion on the first cone due to leading-edge bluntness, such that the skin friction upstream of the separation is significantly reduced and the upstream pressure can no longer resist the large adverse pressure gradient induced by shock impingement. An estimation of the critical radius is established based on the pressure correlations of Blick & Francis ( AIAA J. , vol. 4 (3), 1966, pp. 547–549) for spherically blunted cones. Simulations at a higher enthalpy with the presence of both vibrational relaxation and air chemistry show a similar trend with increasing nose radius. The proposed criterion agrees well with the experimental observations.
ISSN:0022-1120
1469-7645
DOI:10.1017/jfm.2020.331