A robust and efficient convolutional deep learning framework for age‐invariant face recognition

• Published in: Expert systems 2020-06, Vol.37 (3), p.n/a
• Main Authors: Yousaf, Adeel, Khan, Muhammad Junaid, Khan, Muhammad Jaleed, Siddiqui, Adil M., Khurshid, Khurram
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; age‐invariant features; Aging; Artificial neural networks; Chronology; Complexity; data augmentation; Deep learning; Face recognition; facial ageing; Facial recognition technology; Feature extraction; Gesture recognition; Invariants; Life span; Machine learning; Model accuracy
• ISSN: 0266-4720; 1468-0394
• DOI: 10.1111/exsy.12503

Extensive research has been carried out in the past on face recognition, face detection, and age estimation. However, age‐invariant face recognition (AIFR) has not been explored that thoroughly. The facial appearance of a person changes considerably over time that results in introducing significant intraclass variations, which makes AIFR a very challenging task. Most of the face recognition studies that have addressed the ageing problem in the past have employed complex models and handcrafted features with strong parametric assumptions. In this work, we propose a novel deep learning framework that extracts age‐invariant and generalized features from facial images of the subjects. The proposed model trained on facial images from a minor part (20–30%) of lifespan of subjects correctly identifies them throughout their lifespan. A variety of pretrained 2D convolutional neural networks are compared in terms of accuracy, time, and computational complexity to select the most suitable network for AIFR. Extensive experimental results are carried out on the popular and challenging face and gesture recognition network ageing dataset. The proposed method achieves promising results and outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art AIFR models by achieving an accuracy of 99%, which proves the effectiveness of deep learning in facial ageing research.