Clinical, laboratory, and radiological features indicative of novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) in emergency departments – a multicentre case‐control study in Hong Kong

• Published in: Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open 2020
• Main Authors: Rex Pui Kin Lam, Hung, Kevin Kei Ching, Eric Ho Yin Lau, Lui, Chun Tat, Chan, Kin Ling, Chin San Leung, Ion Wa Wong, Kin Wa Wong, Graham, Colin A, Patrick Chiu Yat Woo
• Format: Web Resource
• Language: English
• DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12183

Objectives Little is known about the value of routine clinical assessment in identifying patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in the emergency department (ED). We aimed to compare the exposure history, signs and symptoms, laboratory, and radiographic features of ED patients who tested positive and negative for COVID‐19. Methods This was a case‐control study in seven EDs in Hong Kong from 20 January to 29 February 2020. Thirty‐seven patients with laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 were age‐ and gender‐matched to 111 controls. We compared the groups with univariate analysis and calculated the odds ratio (OR) of having COVID‐19 for each characteristic that was significantly different between the groups with adjustment for age and presumed location of acquiring the infection. Results There were no significant differences in patient characteristics and reported symptoms between the groups. A positive contact history within 14 days (adjusted OR 37.61, 95% CI 10.86‐130.19), bilateral chest radiograph shadow (adjusted OR 13.19, 95% CI 4.66‐37.35), having prior medical consultation (adjusted OR 7.43, 95% 2.89 ‐19.09), a lower white blood cell count (adjusted OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.11‐1.51), and a lower platelet count (adjusted OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01‐1.12) were associated with a higher odds of COVID‐19 separately. A higher neutrophil count was associated with a lower odds of COVID‐19 (adjusted OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.65‐0.91). Conclusion This study highlights a number of clinical features that may be useful in identifying high‐risk patients for early testing and isolation while waiting for the test result. Further studies are warranted to verify the findings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved