Root exudates ameliorate cadmium tolerance in plants: A review

In the past few decades, cadmium (Cd) as soil contaminant is a major problem for the mankind. Cd contamination of soil and food crops is a critical environmental concern as it deteriorates the soil quality and creates threat to the food safety and human health. High Cd concentration in soils pose ne...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental chemistry letters 2020-07, Vol.18 (4), p.1243-1275
Main Authors: Bali, Aditi Shreeya, Sidhu, Gagan Preet Singh, Kumar, Vinod
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Analytical Chemistry
Bioavailability
Cadmium
Contaminants
Detoxification
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental perception
Exudates
Exudation
Food
Food contamination
Food safety
Geochemistry
Heavy metals
Metabolites
Physiological effects
Pollution
Pollution tolerance
Review
Reviews
Rhizosphere
Secondary metabolites
Secretion
Soil
Soil contamination
Soil pollution
Soil quality
Soils
Survival
Toxicity
Uptake
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Summary:In the past few decades, cadmium (Cd) as soil contaminant is a major problem for the mankind. Cd contamination of soil and food crops is a critical environmental concern as it deteriorates the soil quality and creates threat to the food safety and human health. High Cd concentration in soils pose negative effects on the plants at physiological, structural and molecular levels. Secretion of certain secondary metabolites in the rhizosphere is a survival mechanism adopted by plants to tolerate and encounter Cd toxicity. Under metal-stressed conditions, secretion of root exudates in soil increases the external detoxification strategies of the plants. The secreted phytochemicals are gaseous compounds, inorganic and especially organic in composition. In plants, the role of these metabolites to confront Cd toxicity and induce tolerance under Cd distress is underrated. The review paper focuses on Cd sources, factors that affect its bioavailability, uptake and toxicity in the plants. Furthermore, it also highlights the contemporary progression in our understanding on the mechanisms of root exudation in plants and the effect of Cd toxicity on the root exudation. Finally, the review provides important information on the role of different root exudates to subsist Cd stress in plants naturally, particularly by reducing the dependence on synthetic amendments to enhance Cd-tolerance and its aquisition in plants.
ISSN:1610-3653
1610-3661
DOI:10.1007/s10311-020-01012-x