Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Using a Fully Convolutional Neural Network

• Published in: IEEE geoscience and remote sensing letters 2020-07, Vol.17 (7), p.1203-1207
• Main Authors: Hu, Changyu, Wang, Ling, Li, Ze, Zhu, Daiyin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Artificial neural networks; Computer applications; Computer vision; Convolution; Data; Deep learning (DL); Doppler effect; Doppler sonar; Exploitation; Feature extraction; fully convolutional neural network (FCNN); Image contrast; Image processing; Image quality; Image reconstruction; Imaging; Imaging techniques; Inverse synthetic aperture radar; inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR); Iterative methods; Machine learning; Neural networks; Radar; Radar imaging; Recovery; Representations; SAR (radar); Sidelobes; Signal reconstruction; Synthetic aperture radar; Target recognition; Training; Training data
• ISSN: 1545-598X; 1558-0571
• DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2019.2943069

The traditional inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging uses the range-Doppler (RD) type of methods. The compressive sensing (CS)-based ISAR imaging is capable of obtaining good target images of high contrast and less sidelobe with much less downsampling data. However, the real application of CS ISAR imaging is limited by the time-consuming iteration-based image reconstruction. The image quality is also limited by the performance of sparse representation of the target scene. In recent years, deep learning methods, more specifically the convolutional neural network (CNN), has shown its capability in signal recovery with downsampling or noncomplete data. The well-trained CNN can extract high-level abstract feature representation from the input data autonomously and exploit it in the signal recovery. We are interested in exploiting the CNN to enhance the CS ISAR imaging capability. The successful training of CNN always requires many thousand annotated training samples. This limits the application of CNN to the radar imaging field where large amount of training data cannot be obtained as easy as in other fields, e.g., computer vision. We propose a fully CNN (FCNN) for ISAR imaging. The constructed FCNN has a multistage decomposition and multichannel filtering architecture and has no fully connected layers. It can work with very few training samples as compared to existing CNN-based imaging networks. The imaging results of real ISAR data show that the proposed FCNN-based ISAR imaging method outperforms the state-of-the-art CS ISAR imaging methods in both image quality and computational efficiency.