Endosulfan induces endothelial inflammation and dysfunction via IRE1α/NF-κB signaling pathway

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2020-07, Vol.27 (21), p.26163-26171
• Main Authors: Sun, ShiTian, Ji, ZhengGuo, Fu, JiaRong, Wang, Xi-Feng, Zhang, Lian-Shuang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetylcysteine; Adhesion; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Cardiovascular diseases; Cell adhesion; Cell adhesion & migration; Cell adhesion molecules; Cell injury; Correlation analysis; Cytokines; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Endoplasmic reticulum; Endoribonucleases; Endosulfan; Endothelial cells; Endothelin 1; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Humans; IL-1β; Inflammation; Inflammatory response; Inhibitors; Inositol; Interleukin 6; Interleukins; NF-kappa B; NF-κB protein; Oxidative stress; Pollutants; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases; Reactive Oxygen Species; Research Article; Signal Transduction; Signaling; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Umbilical vein; Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09023-5

Cardiovascular diseases are related to vascular endothelial cell injury; our previous studies showed that endosulfan could cause hypercoagulation of blood by inducing endothelial cell injury. To clarify the mechanism of it, we treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with 0, 1, 5, and 10 μg/mL endosulfan, while in the inhibition groups, reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor N -acetylcysteine (NAC, 3 mmol) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor (STF-083010, 10 μmol) were incubated prior to endosulfan. The results showed that endosulfan could induce inflammatory response and dysfunction by increasing the release of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and endothelin-1 (ET-1), and inducing ROS production in HUVECs. We also found that endosulfan could cause ER damage, remarkably increase the expressions of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), phosphorylated IRE1α (p-IRE1α), GRP78, XBP1, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and phosphorylated NF-κB (p-NF-κB) in HUVECs. The presence of NAC antagonized the ROS production, expressions of IRE1α and p-IRE1α; however, STF-083010 could decrease the expression levels of GRP78, XBP1, NF-κB, and p-NF-κB and attenuate IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, VCAM-1, and ET-1 release induced by endosulfan. These results demonstrated that endosulfan-induced endothelial inflammation and dysfunction through the IRE1α/NF-κB signaling pathway may be triggered by oxidative stress. The study provided experimental basis for the correlation between environmental pollutants (endosulfan) and cardiovascular diseases.