Sulphonates’ mixtures and emulsions obtained from technical cashew nut shell liquid and cardanol for control of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2020-08, Vol.27 (22), p.27870-27884
• Main Authors: Jorge, Márcia Ramos, do Amaral Crispim, Bruno, Merey, Felipe Mendes, Barufatti, Alexeia, Cabrini, Isaías, da Silva Dantas, Fabiana Gomes, de Oliveira, Kelly Mari Pires, Kummrow, Fábio, Beatriz, Adilson, Santos, Tiago, Dias, Catarina, Ventura, João, Nogueira, Cláudio Rodrigo, da Silva Gomes, Roberto, de Arruda, Eduardo José
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aedes; Aedes aegypti; Anacardiaceae; Anacardium; Animals; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Antimicrobial agents; Aquatic insects; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Chemical activity; Dengue fever; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Emulsions; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Insecticides; Insects; Larva; Larvicides; Low cost; Mosquitoes; Nuts; Phenols; Research Article; Surfactants; Toxicity; Vector-borne diseases; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Yellow fever; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08998-5

Aedes aegypti is the main mosquito vector of dengue, zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever diseases. The low effectiveness of vector control options is mainly related to the increased insect’s resistance and to the toxicity of products used for non-target organisms. The development of new environmentally friendly and safer products is imperative. Technical cashew nut shell liquid (tCNSL), mostly composed by cardanol (C), is an abundant by-product of the cashew ( Anacardium occidentale L.) production chain, available at low cost, and with proven larvicidal activity. However, chemical modifications in both tCNSL and cardanol were required to increase their water solubilities. Our objectives were to synthesise and characterise sustainable, low-cost and easy-to-use multiple function products based on tCNSL, cardanol, and the sulphonates obtained from both; and to evaluate all these products efficacy as surfactants, larvicidal, and antimicrobial agents. None of the sulphonates presented antimicrobial and larvicidal activities. tCNSL and cardanol were successfully emulsified with sodium technical cashew nut shell liquid sulphonate (NatCNSLS, complex mixture of surfactants). The emulsions obtained presented larvicidal activity due to the presence of tCNSL and cardanol in their composition. Our results showed that the tCNSL+NatCNSLS mixture emulsion was an effective larvicide and surfactant multiple function product, with high availability and easy-to-use, which can facilitate its large-scale use in different environments. Graphical abstract