Reconstruction of Events Recorded with the Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

• Published in: arXiv.org 2020-11
• Main Authors: Abreu, P, Almela, A, Alvarez-Muñiz, J, R Alves Batista, Anastasi, G A, Aramo, C, Avila, G, Balaceanu, A, Becker, K H, Bertou, X, L Bonneau Arbeletche, Brack, J, Bridgeman, A, Buscemi, M, Caballero-Mora, K S, Caccianiga, L, Cataldi, G, Cerda, M, Chinellato, J A, Chytka, L, de Jesús, J, M del Río, Deligny, O, D'Olivo, J C, Ebr, J, Farmer, J, Fazzini, N, Feldbusch, F, Fick, B, Figueira, J M, Fujii, T, Gherghel-Lascu, A, Glombitza, J, Golup, G, M Gómez Berisso, Góra, D, Grubb, T D, Guarino, F, Hahn, S, Hojvat, C, Kemp, J, Lenok, V, D Lo Presti, Lopes, L, López, R, Lucero, A, Malacari, M, Mantsch, P, Marafico, S, Mariazzi, A G, Mariş, I C, Martello, D, Matthews, J, Mayotte, E, Mazur, P O, Melo, D, Mockler, D, Mollerach, S, Montanet, F, Müller, A L, Muller, M A, Nellen, L, Niechciol, M, Núñez, L A, Pech, M, Platino, M, Reininghaus, M, Risse, M, Ristori, P, Saftoiu, A, Salazar, H, Salina, G, Sánchez, F, Schieler, H, Schlüter, F, Scholten, O, Schulz, A, Silli, G, Soriano, J F, Squartini, R, Stanca, D, Stassi, P, Streich, A, Tobiska, P, Tomé, B, Travaini, A, Trimarelli, C, Trini, M, Ulrich, R, A van Vliet, Veberič, D, Vergara Quispe, I D, Verzi, V, Villaseñor, L, Vorobiov, S, Watson, A A, Wirtz, M, Zapparrata, O, Zas, E, Zuccarello, F
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Augers; Cerenkov counters; Cosmic ray showers; Cosmic rays; Measurement methods; Observatories; Primary cosmic rays; Sensors; Surface detectors
• ISSN: 2331-8422
• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2007.09035

Cosmic rays arriving at Earth collide with the upper parts of the atmosphere, thereby inducing extensive air showers. When secondary particles from the cascade arrive at the ground, they are measured by surface detector arrays. We describe the methods applied to the measurements of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory to reconstruct events with zenith angles less than \(60^\circ\) using the timing and signal information recorded using the water-Cherenkov detector stations. In addition, we assess the accuracy of these methods in reconstructing the arrival directions of the primary cosmic ray particles and the sizes of the induced showers.