Evaluation of Calcium Dihydroxide- and Silver-Coated Implants in theRat Tibia

Background Silver ions (Ag+) have strong antibacterial effects, andsilver-coated materials are in widespread clinical use. However, theapplication of silver-coated medical devices is not without concerns: itsuse with direct bone contact is not established, and systemic toxic sideeffects of released...

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Published in:Journal of applied biomaterials & functional materials 2016-10, Vol.14 (4), p.441-448
Main Authors: Harrasser Norbert, de Wild Michael, Gorkotte Johannes, Obermeier, Andreas, Feihl Susanne, Straub, Melanie, von Eisenhart-Rothe Ruediger, Gollwitzer, Hans, Rüegg Jasmine, Moser, Walter, Gruner Philipp, Burgkart Rainer
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal models
Animals
Antibacterial activity
Antibacterial materials
Biomedical materials
Bone growth
Calcium
Calcium hydroxide
Coatings
Evaluation
Hydroxyapatite
Light microscopy
Medical equipment
Metaphysis
Microscopy
Optical microscopy
Osteogenesis
Osteomyelitis
Rodents
Screws
Silver
Slaked lime
Surgical implants
Tibia
Titanium
X-ray spectroscopy
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Summary:Background Silver ions (Ag+) have strong antibacterial effects, andsilver-coated materials are in widespread clinical use. However, theapplication of silver-coated medical devices is not without concerns: itsuse with direct bone contact is not established, and systemic toxic sideeffects of released Ag+ have been described. Therefore,alternative bactericidal coatings with a more localized way of acting –e.g., calcium dihydroxide, Ca(OH)2 (CH) – would beadvantageous. Methods A new rat model of the animal's tibial metaphysis was developed. In the leftproximal tibiae of 36 male Wistar rats, titanium screws were implanted. Thescrews were coated with hydroxyapatite (HA; 12 animals: group I), low-dosedHA silver (HA-Ag; 12 animals: group II) and CH (12 animals: group III).After 6 weeks, all rats were sacrificed. The implants were evaluated formorphological changes on their surfaces, by light microscopy, scanningelectron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; forosteointegration, by measurement of resistance to removal; and for bacterialcolonization, by quantitative culture analysis. Additionally, the tibialbone was investigated histologically for signs of osteomyelitis andsonicated to detect bacterial loads. Results (i) No microbiological or histological signs of infection could be determinedon any of the screws or the surrounding bone. (ii) The bone-implantinterface analysis revealed extensive bone formation and direct bone-implantcontact on all HA, HA-Ag and HA-CH coated screws. (iii) HA and HA-Ag werepartially, and CH was fully, degraded on the screw coating, allowing hostbone to osteointegrate.
ISSN:2280-8000
DOI:10.5301/jabfm.5000323