Dynamic Modeling and Optimal Design for Net Zero Energy Houses Including Hybrid Electric and Thermal Energy Storage

Net zero energy (NZE) houses purchase zero net metered electricity from the grid over a year. Technical challenges brought forth by NZE homes are related to the intermittent nature of solar generation, and are due to the fact that peak solar generation and load are not coincident. This leads to a la...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on industry applications 2020-07, Vol.56 (4), p.4102-4113
Main Authors: Gong, Huangjie, Rallabandi, Vandana, Ionel, Dan M., Colliver, Donald, Duerr, Shaun, Ababei, Cristinel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Batteries
Battery energy storage system (BESS)
Buildings
Computer simulation
Dynamic models
Electrical loads
electrical water heater (EWH)
Electricity
Energy storage
home energy management (HEM)
Hybrid systems
Load modeling
Mathematical analysis
Mathematical model
net zero energy (NZE) houses
Power flow
Power plants
Software
Storage batteries
Thermal energy
virtual power plant (VPP)
Water heating
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Summary:Net zero energy (NZE) houses purchase zero net metered electricity from the grid over a year. Technical challenges brought forth by NZE homes are related to the intermittent nature of solar generation, and are due to the fact that peak solar generation and load are not coincident. This leads to a large rate of change of load, and in case of high PV penetration communities, often requires the installation of gas power plants to service this variability. This article proposes a hybrid energy storage system including batteries and a variable power electric water heater which enables the NZE homes to behave like dispatchable generators or loads, thereby reducing the rate of change of the net power flow from the house. A co-simulation framework, INSPIRE+D, which enables the dynamic simulation of electricity usage in a community of NZE homes, and their connection to the grid is enabled. The calculated instantaneous electricity usage is validated through experimental data from a field demonstrator in southern Kentucky. It is demonstrated that when the operation of the proposed hybrid energy storage system is coordinated with solar PV generation, the required size and ratings of the battery would be substantially reduced while still maintaining the same functionality. Methodologies for sizing the battery and solar panels are developed.
ISSN:0093-9994
1939-9367
DOI:10.1109/TIA.2020.2986325