Genetic Polymorphisms Along with Dietary and Environmental Factors Enhance the Susceptibility to Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Nagaland of Northeast India

• Published in: Biochemical genetics 2020-08, Vol.58 (4), p.533-550
• Main Authors: Keppen, Chenole, Barooah, Prajjalendra, Borthakur, Parikhit, Saikia, Snigdha, Deka, Manab, Bhattacharjee, Sahana, Keppen, Joshua, Khamo, Vinotsole, Medhi, Subhash
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biochemistry; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Burning; Case-Control Studies; Cooking; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Diet; DNA; DNA repair; DNA Repair - genetics; Environmental factors; ERCC1 protein; Female; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotypes; Haplotypes; Human Genetics; Humans; India - epidemiology; Inhalation Exposure; Male; Medical Microbiology; Middle Aged; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - epidemiology; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - genetics; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms - epidemiology; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms - genetics; Nucleotides; Original Article; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk analysis; Risk Factors; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Throat cancer; Tobacco; Tobacco smoking; Ventilation; XPC protein; XPD protein; XRCC1 protein; Young Adult; Zoology
• ISSN: 0006-2928; 1573-4927
• DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09954-1

This study investigated the association of seven widely known DNA repair gene polymorphisms (hOGG1 Ser326Cys, XRCC1 Arg194Trp, XRCC1 Arg280His, XRCC1 Arg399Gln, XPC Val499Ala, XPD Lys751Gln and ERCC1 Cys8092Ala) with dietary and environmental factors for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) susceptibility in Nagaland of Northeast India. The genotypes were determined in 128 NPC patients and 180 healthy controls by PCR–RFLP. XRCC1 Arg280His, XPC Val499Ala and ERCC1 Cys8092Ala were found to be associated with NPC risk. Tobacco smoking and burning of firewood for cooking were also found to be a risk factor for NPC. The haplotype analysis of five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) XRCC1 Arg194Trp, XRCC1 Arg280His, XRCC1 Arg399Gln, XPD Lys751Gln and ERCC1 Cys8092Ala identified haplotype TGAAC to be significantly associated with NPC. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis suggested ERCC1 Cys8092Ala to be the best one-factor model that could predict NPC risk. From this study, we conclude that examining the synergistic interactions of various gene–environmental factors together is a better approach to understand NPC susceptibility, instead of their individual effects.