The reciprocal relationship between body mass index categories and physical fitness: A 4‐year prospective cohort study of 20000 Chinese children

IntroductionBody mass index (BMI) categories and physical fitness are associated but the reciprocal relationship between BMI categories and physical fitness has not been investigated. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal reciprocal relationship between BMI categories and physical fitness....

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Published in:Pediatric obesity 2020-09, Vol.15 (9)
Main Authors: Ho, Frederick K, Hung‐Kwan So, Wong, Rosa S, Tung, Keith T S, Louie, Lobo H T, Tung, Joanna, Mirpuri, Sheena, Chow, Bik, Wong, Wilfred H S, Lee, Albert, Ip, Patrick
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Body mass index
Childrens health
Cohort analysis
Obesity
Pediatrics
Physical fitness
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container_issue 9
container_start_page
container_title Pediatric obesity
container_volume 15
creator Ho, Frederick K
Hung‐Kwan So
Wong, Rosa S
Tung, Keith T S
Louie, Lobo H T
Tung, Joanna
Mirpuri, Sheena
Chow, Bik
Wong, Wilfred H S
Lee, Albert
Ip, Patrick
description IntroductionBody mass index (BMI) categories and physical fitness are associated but the reciprocal relationship between BMI categories and physical fitness has not been investigated. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal reciprocal relationship between BMI categories and physical fitness.MethodsThis is a population‐based 4‐year cohort study in 48 elementary schools. Children aged 6 to 9 years at recruitment were included. BMI categories and physical fitness including handgrip strength, core muscle endurance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured using standard equipment and protocol.ResultsAmong 26 392 eligible participants, 19 504 (73.9%) were successfully followed for 3 years. Baseline obesity prevalence was 5.9%. After 3 years, those who were unfit at baseline had an increased risk of obesity (risk ratio [RR] 1.41, 95% CI 1.16‐1.71, P
doi_str_mv 10.1111/ijpo.12646
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This study aims to investigate the longitudinal reciprocal relationship between BMI categories and physical fitness.MethodsThis is a population‐based 4‐year cohort study in 48 elementary schools. Children aged 6 to 9 years at recruitment were included. BMI categories and physical fitness including handgrip strength, core muscle endurance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured using standard equipment and protocol.ResultsAmong 26 392 eligible participants, 19 504 (73.9%) were successfully followed for 3 years. Baseline obesity prevalence was 5.9%. After 3 years, those who were unfit at baseline had an increased risk of obesity (risk ratio [RR] 1.41, 95% CI 1.16‐1.71, P &lt; .001) and those who were fit at baseline had a decreased risk of obesity (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.60‐0.80, P &lt; .001) compared with moderately fit children. Furthermore, improvement of fitness predicted decreased risk of obesity. Similarly, normal body weight also predicted better physical fitness. The path analysis confirmed a strong reciprocal relationship between physical fitness and obesity.ConclusionsBetter physical fitness was prospectively associated with normal weight and vice versa. Physically fit children were more likely to maintain a healthy weight and those with a healthy weight were more likely to be physically fit, which is important for healthy development.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2047-6302</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2047-6310</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12646</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Body mass index ; Childrens health ; Cohort analysis ; Obesity ; Pediatrics ; Physical fitness</subject><ispartof>Pediatric obesity, 2020-09, Vol.15 (9)</ispartof><rights>2020 World Obesity Federation</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ho, Frederick K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hung‐Kwan So</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Rosa S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tung, Keith T S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Louie, Lobo H T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tung, Joanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mirpuri, Sheena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chow, Bik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Wilfred H S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Albert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ip, Patrick</creatorcontrib><title>The reciprocal relationship between body mass index categories and physical fitness: A 4‐year prospective cohort study of 20000 Chinese children</title><title>Pediatric obesity</title><description>IntroductionBody mass index (BMI) categories and physical fitness are associated but the reciprocal relationship between BMI categories and physical fitness has not been investigated. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal reciprocal relationship between BMI categories and physical fitness.MethodsThis is a population‐based 4‐year cohort study in 48 elementary schools. Children aged 6 to 9 years at recruitment were included. BMI categories and physical fitness including handgrip strength, core muscle endurance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured using standard equipment and protocol.ResultsAmong 26 392 eligible participants, 19 504 (73.9%) were successfully followed for 3 years. Baseline obesity prevalence was 5.9%. After 3 years, those who were unfit at baseline had an increased risk of obesity (risk ratio [RR] 1.41, 95% CI 1.16‐1.71, P &lt; .001) and those who were fit at baseline had a decreased risk of obesity (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.60‐0.80, P &lt; .001) compared with moderately fit children. Furthermore, improvement of fitness predicted decreased risk of obesity. Similarly, normal body weight also predicted better physical fitness. The path analysis confirmed a strong reciprocal relationship between physical fitness and obesity.ConclusionsBetter physical fitness was prospectively associated with normal weight and vice versa. Physically fit children were more likely to maintain a healthy weight and those with a healthy weight were more likely to be physically fit, which is important for healthy development.</description><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Childrens health</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Physical fitness</subject><issn>2047-6302</issn><issn>2047-6310</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNjsFKAzEURYMoWLQbv-CB69ZMZkipOykVP6D7kmbemDeMSczLqLPrJ4if6JeYgrj2bt6F--7hCnFTyWVVdEd9DMtK6UafiZmSzWqh60qe_3mpLsWcuZdFWlZaNjPxtXMICS3FFKwZih1MpuDZUYQD5ndED4fQTvBimIF8ix9gTcbnkAgZjG8huonpVO4oe2S-hwdovo-fE5oEhcsRbaY3BBtcSBk4j4UXOlCnJbBxVFoldTS0Cf21uOjMwDj_vVfi9nG72zwtCup1RM77PozJl2ivGrVeraWuVf2_rx8FIV4T</recordid><startdate>20200901</startdate><enddate>20200901</enddate><creator>Ho, Frederick K</creator><creator>Hung‐Kwan So</creator><creator>Wong, Rosa S</creator><creator>Tung, Keith T S</creator><creator>Louie, Lobo H T</creator><creator>Tung, Joanna</creator><creator>Mirpuri, Sheena</creator><creator>Chow, Bik</creator><creator>Wong, Wilfred H S</creator><creator>Lee, Albert</creator><creator>Ip, Patrick</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>K9.</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20200901</creationdate><title>The reciprocal relationship between body mass index categories and physical fitness: A 4‐year prospective cohort study of 20000 Chinese children</title><author>Ho, Frederick K ; Hung‐Kwan So ; Wong, Rosa S ; Tung, Keith T S ; Louie, Lobo H T ; Tung, Joanna ; Mirpuri, Sheena ; Chow, Bik ; Wong, Wilfred H S ; Lee, Albert ; Ip, Patrick</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-proquest_journals_24297906323</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Childrens health</topic><topic>Cohort analysis</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Physical fitness</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ho, Frederick K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hung‐Kwan So</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Rosa S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tung, Keith T S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Louie, Lobo H T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tung, Joanna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mirpuri, Sheena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chow, Bik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Wilfred H S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Albert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ip, Patrick</creatorcontrib><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><jtitle>Pediatric obesity</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ho, Frederick K</au><au>Hung‐Kwan So</au><au>Wong, Rosa S</au><au>Tung, Keith T S</au><au>Louie, Lobo H T</au><au>Tung, Joanna</au><au>Mirpuri, Sheena</au><au>Chow, Bik</au><au>Wong, Wilfred H S</au><au>Lee, Albert</au><au>Ip, Patrick</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The reciprocal relationship between body mass index categories and physical fitness: A 4‐year prospective cohort study of 20000 Chinese children</atitle><jtitle>Pediatric obesity</jtitle><date>2020-09-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>9</issue><issn>2047-6302</issn><eissn>2047-6310</eissn><abstract>IntroductionBody mass index (BMI) categories and physical fitness are associated but the reciprocal relationship between BMI categories and physical fitness has not been investigated. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal reciprocal relationship between BMI categories and physical fitness.MethodsThis is a population‐based 4‐year cohort study in 48 elementary schools. Children aged 6 to 9 years at recruitment were included. BMI categories and physical fitness including handgrip strength, core muscle endurance, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory fitness were measured using standard equipment and protocol.ResultsAmong 26 392 eligible participants, 19 504 (73.9%) were successfully followed for 3 years. Baseline obesity prevalence was 5.9%. After 3 years, those who were unfit at baseline had an increased risk of obesity (risk ratio [RR] 1.41, 95% CI 1.16‐1.71, P &lt; .001) and those who were fit at baseline had a decreased risk of obesity (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.60‐0.80, P &lt; .001) compared with moderately fit children. Furthermore, improvement of fitness predicted decreased risk of obesity. Similarly, normal body weight also predicted better physical fitness. The path analysis confirmed a strong reciprocal relationship between physical fitness and obesity.ConclusionsBetter physical fitness was prospectively associated with normal weight and vice versa. Physically fit children were more likely to maintain a healthy weight and those with a healthy weight were more likely to be physically fit, which is important for healthy development.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><doi>10.1111/ijpo.12646</doi></addata></record>
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subjects Body mass index
Childrens health
Cohort analysis
Obesity
Pediatrics
Physical fitness
title The reciprocal relationship between body mass index categories and physical fitness: A 4‐year prospective cohort study of 20000 Chinese children
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