Seismic hazard analysis and local site effect of the 2017 Mw 7.3 Sarpol-e Zahab, Iran, earthquake

• Published in: Natural hazards (Dordrecht) 2020-09, Vol.103 (2), p.1783-1805
• Main Authors: Zafarani, Hamid, Jafarian, Yaser, Eskandarinejad, Alireza, Lashgari, Ali, Soghrat, Mohammad Reza, Sharafi, Hassan, Afraz-e Haji-Saraei, Masoud
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acceleration; Attenuation; Boreholes; Building codes; Building damage; Buildings; Civil Engineering; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Earthquake damage; Earthquakes; Environmental Management; Geological hazards; Geophysics/Geodesy; Geotechnical data; Geotechnical engineering; Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences; Ground motion; Ground stations; Hazard assessment; Hydrogeology; Masonry; Natural Hazards; Original Paper; Reconnaissance; Regions; Response spectra; Seismic activity; Seismic analysis; Seismic engineering; Seismic hazard; Seismic response; Soil; Soil surfaces; Spectra; Structural damage
• ISSN: 0921-030X; 1573-0840
• DOI: 10.1007/s11069-020-04054-0

A strong earthquake occurred on November 12, 2017, in Sarpol-e Zahab city, western Iran, with the moment magnitude ( M w ) of 7.3 and a focal depth of 18 km. The maximum horizontal peak ground acceleration of 0.69 g was recorded at the Sarpol-e Zahab station. Significant damages were observed in frame and masonry buildings, while the damage distribution was non-uniform throughout this small city. The preliminary site reconnaissance revealed that numerous engineering structures collapsed or considerably damaged in some regions, contrary with those non-structural masonry buildings in other regions which remained intact during earthquake. This paper represents a preliminary reconnaissance report prepared through the site visit done by the authors, a few days following the earthquake occurrence. Then, the data recorded by the strong ground motion stations in the affected city and the surrounding regions together with the geotechnical data gathered from the available boreholes in Sarpol-e Zahab are incorporated for probabilistic seismic hazard and local site effect analyses. The observed response spectra at two stations and distance-dependency of ground acceleration are compared with those predicted by some attenuation models. The results of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis in the return periods of 475 and 2475 years are compared with the observed ground response and the design spectra recommended by the Iranian seismic code (for site classes Types I and II). Several geotechnical boreholes from the previous works in the affected area were analyzed through the equivalent-linear site response approach in order to obtain the seismic response at the soil surface. The results are then compared with the code design spectra for the site classes of Types III and IV. It is demonstrated that the calculated response spectra are generally larger than those recommended by the Iranian seismic code, especially for the 4–7 stories buildings.